Although the rate of infection after the reconstruction of a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is low, prophylactic incubation of the graft with vancomycin (Vanco-wrap or vancomycin soaking) is routinely performed. A cytotoxic effect of vancomycin is reported for several cell types, and the prophylactic treatment might prevent infection but harm the tissue and cells. Aim: A comprehensive study was performed to investigate the effect of vancomycin on tendon tissue and isolated tenocytes using cell viability, molecular and mechanical analysis. Material and methods: Rat tendons or isolated tenocytes were incubated in increasing concentrations of vancomycin (0–10 mg/mL) for different times, and cell viability, gene expression, histology and Young’s modulus were analyzed. Results: The clinically used concentration of vancomycin (5 mg/mL for 20 min) had no negative effect on cell viability in the tendons or the isolated tenocytes, while incubation with the toxic control significantly reduced cell viability. Increasing the concentration and prolonging the incubation time had no negative effect on the cells. The expression of Col1a1, Col3a1 and the tenocyte markers mohawk, scleraxis and tenomodulin was not affected by the various vancomycin concentrations. The structural integrity as measured through histological and mechanical testing was not compromised. Conclusion: The results proved the safe application of the Vanco-wrap on tendon tissue. Level of evidence: IV.

Background: Wound complications and unplanned revision surgery remain common after soft tissue sarcoma (STS) resection. Established risk models focus on patient- and tumour-related factors, while the role of operative and perioperative variables is less well defined. Methods: This retrospective single-centre study included 95 patients undergoing STS resection between 2021 and 2025. Associations with unplanned revision surgery were evaluated using univariate and exploratory multivariable logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed the discriminatory performance of postoperative drainage output. Results: Unplanned revision surgery occurred in 23 patients (24%). On univariate analysis, several intraoperative and postoperative variables were associated with revision, whereas most patient- and tumour-related factors were not statistically significant. In multivariable analysis, intraoperative crystalloid administration was the only intraoperative factor associated with unplanned revision (OR 1.45 per 500 mL, 95% CI 1.05–2.02; p = 0.026). Among postoperative parameters, drainage output remained associated with revision (OR 1.45 per 100 mL, 95% CI 1.15–1.82; p = 0.005). In patients without planned secondary reconstruction, drainage output showed good exploratory discriminatory performance (AUC 0.927), with a cutoff of 925 mL providing high specificity (94.4%) with acceptable sensitivity (75%). Conclusions: In this cohort, unplanned revision was more frequently associated with markers of surgical complexity, including higher intraoperative crystalloid administration, and the early postoperative course, particularly drainage output. Drainage output appears to reflect an evolving complication rather than an independent predictor and may serve as an early clinical warning signal. Findings are hypothesis-generated and require external validation.