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Thenepalli Thriveni
Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India

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Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in Reactions
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In the pulp and paper industry, the white liquor obtained from the causticizing green liquor in the smelting process mostly contains NaOH and Na2S. These chemicals are returned to the digester for reuse in the pulping process. The lime mud (LM) material is obtained from the reaction of the causticization process in paper industries. It is mainly composed of CaCO3; it appears with a green color with a high moisture content; and it has a small proportion of impurities such as non-process elements, for example Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, and S oxides and other toxic metals. This lime mud has poor whiteness with less efficiency due to its contaminated with impurities. The recycling or reutilizing process for lime mud and solid wastes are minimizing its toxic effect on the environment. The present study proposed to improve the whiteness of the waste lime mud by the calcination and hydration process at high temperatures and reutilizing it for hand sheets, making the process improve the paper brightness. In this study, we used a lime mud sample for calcination at 1000 °C and 1200 °C for 2 h and hydration at different times (3–24 h) with different temperatures (30–80 °C) and measured the powder whiteness and hand sheet brightness. The results indicated that after the calcination and hydration process, the lime mud sample whiteness was improved and that re-utilization with pulp for making hand sheets also can improve the paper brightness. It can be concluded that waste lime mud sample purification and the re-utilization process are more advantageous in paper industries.

ACS Style

Ramakrishna Chilakala; Thriveni Thenepalli; Seongho Lee; Hong Ha Thi Vu; Lai Quang Tuan; Jeongyun Kim; Ji Whan Ahn. Sequential In-Situ Carbonation Process for the Preparation of Hand Sheets with Waste Lime Mud. Reactions 2020, 1, 3 -15.

AMA Style

Ramakrishna Chilakala, Thriveni Thenepalli, Seongho Lee, Hong Ha Thi Vu, Lai Quang Tuan, Jeongyun Kim, Ji Whan Ahn. Sequential In-Situ Carbonation Process for the Preparation of Hand Sheets with Waste Lime Mud. Reactions. 2020; 1 (1):3-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramakrishna Chilakala; Thriveni Thenepalli; Seongho Lee; Hong Ha Thi Vu; Lai Quang Tuan; Jeongyun Kim; Ji Whan Ahn. 2020. "Sequential In-Situ Carbonation Process for the Preparation of Hand Sheets with Waste Lime Mud." Reactions 1, no. 1: 3-15.

Journal article
Published: 23 May 2020 in Process Safety and Environmental Protection
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Accelerated carbonation is an effective and attractive method for the utilization of captured and stored CO2. It has versatile applications in different fields. One of the applications presented in this study was investigation of the efficiency of carbonation of Ca(OH)2 derived from waste eggshell to remove heavy metals from wastewater. Cadmium (Cd(II)) and lead (Pb(II)) were the target heavy metals for this study. Three parameters were studied: Ca(OH)2 dosage, initial Cd(II) and Pb(II) concentration, and CO2 flow rate. The optimum conditions were 3 g/L of Ca(OH)2, 100 mg/L of initial metal concentration and 1 L/min of CO2 flow rate where the removal efficiencies were found to be 99.99% and 99.63% for Cd(II) and Pb(II) respectively. The phase transformation has also been detected by XRD, FTIR and TGA/DTA analysis. All the results showed a transformation of Ca(OH)2 to CaCO3 (calcite) due to complete carbonation. The transfer of CO2 during calcite formation in the presence of Pb(II) and Cd(II) was slightly retarded by a retarding factor of 0.06 and 0.09 respectively. The carbonation process was also applied to real wastewater and the performance was effective although it had very low concentrations of cadmium and lead. Precipitation of metal carbonate was the dominant mechanism for the removal of heavy metals.

ACS Style

Lulit Habte; Natnael Shiferaw; Thenepalli Thriveni; Dure Mulatu; Mee-Hye Lee; Seok-Ho Jung; Ji Whan Ahn. Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater via carbonation of aqueous Ca(OH)2 derived from eggshell. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 2020, 141, 278 -287.

AMA Style

Lulit Habte, Natnael Shiferaw, Thenepalli Thriveni, Dure Mulatu, Mee-Hye Lee, Seok-Ho Jung, Ji Whan Ahn. Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater via carbonation of aqueous Ca(OH)2 derived from eggshell. Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2020; 141 ():278-287.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lulit Habte; Natnael Shiferaw; Thenepalli Thriveni; Dure Mulatu; Mee-Hye Lee; Seok-Ho Jung; Ji Whan Ahn. 2020. "Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater via carbonation of aqueous Ca(OH)2 derived from eggshell." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 141, no. : 278-287.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2020 in Sustainability
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In the present work, waste eggshells were used as a precursor for the synthesis of aragonite crystals through the wet carbonation method. Cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) were removed by the synthesized aragonite from synthetic wastewater. The influence of initial solution pH, contact time, Cd2+ and Pb2+ concentration, and sorbent dosage were evaluated. The major sorption was observed in the first 100 mins and 360 mins for Pb2+and Cd2+ respectively reaching sorption equilibrium at 720 mins (12 hr). The sorption capacity toward Pb2+ was much higher than toward Cd2+. Both heavy metals displayed high sorption capacities at initial pH 6. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model fits well with the experimental data with a higher correlation coefficient R2. Two isotherm models were also evaluated for the best fit with the experimental data obtained. Langmuir isotherm best fits the sorption of the metals on aragonite synthesized from eggshells. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results of sorbent after sorption showed that the mechanism of sorption was dominated by surface precipitation. Therefore, aragonite crystals synthesized from waste eggshells can be a potential substitute source for the removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from contaminated water.

ACS Style

Lulit Habte; Natnael Shiferaw; Mohd Danish Khan; Thenepalli Thriveni; Ji Whan Ahn. Sorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on Aragonite Synthesized from Eggshell. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1174 .

AMA Style

Lulit Habte, Natnael Shiferaw, Mohd Danish Khan, Thenepalli Thriveni, Ji Whan Ahn. Sorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on Aragonite Synthesized from Eggshell. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lulit Habte; Natnael Shiferaw; Mohd Danish Khan; Thenepalli Thriveni; Ji Whan Ahn. 2020. "Sorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on Aragonite Synthesized from Eggshell." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1174.

Communication
Published: 26 August 2019 in Recycling
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This paper studies the utilization and management of the waste mollusk shell. The two major export countries of mollusk shell are the Southeast Asia’s Thailand and the Philippines. First, the aquaculture of oysters and bivalve shells has been studied as background understanding. The effect of the global climate change on farming and the consequences of farming on the nearby environment and neighborhoods have also been discussed. The utilization technologies on the waste shell are available on a small scale and not industrialized. This study offers an enabling context under which a suitable method can take action to solve the overflow waste shell problem, and at the same time, provide sustainable management.

ACS Style

Ramakrishna Chilakala; Chottitisupawong Thannaree; Eunsoo Justin Shin; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ji Whan Ahn. Sustainable Solutions for Oyster Shell Waste Recycling in Thailand and the Philippines. Recycling 2019, 4, 35 .

AMA Style

Ramakrishna Chilakala, Chottitisupawong Thannaree, Eunsoo Justin Shin, Thriveni Thenepalli, Ji Whan Ahn. Sustainable Solutions for Oyster Shell Waste Recycling in Thailand and the Philippines. Recycling. 2019; 4 (3):35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ramakrishna Chilakala; Chottitisupawong Thannaree; Eunsoo Justin Shin; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ji Whan Ahn. 2019. "Sustainable Solutions for Oyster Shell Waste Recycling in Thailand and the Philippines." Recycling 4, no. 3: 35.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2019 in Materials
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Eggshells are one of the solid wastes in the world and are considered hazardous according to European Commission regulations. The utilization of solid wastes, like eggshells, will help create a sustainable environment by minimizing the solid wastes that are disposed into the environment. The utilization of eggshell powder in cement also helps to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from cement factories by reducing clinker production. In this study, the effect of eggshell powder on the hydration of cement products was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Pastes were made with 10% and 20% eggshell powder and examined for 1, 14, and 28 days of hydration. The addition of eggshell powder transformed ettringite to monosulfoaluminate and to monocarboaluminate. In 20% eggshell powder, the formation of monocarboaluminate was detected in the early stages and accelerated the hydration reaction. The CaCO3 from the eggshells reacted with the C3A and changed the hydration products of the pastes. The addition of eggshell powder provided nucleation sites in the hydration products and accelerated cement hydration.

ACS Style

Natnael Shiferaw; Lulit Habte; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ji Whan Ahn. Effect of Eggshell Powder on the Hydration of Cement Paste. Materials 2019, 12, 2483 .

AMA Style

Natnael Shiferaw, Lulit Habte, Thriveni Thenepalli, Ji Whan Ahn. Effect of Eggshell Powder on the Hydration of Cement Paste. Materials. 2019; 12 (15):2483.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Natnael Shiferaw; Lulit Habte; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ji Whan Ahn. 2019. "Effect of Eggshell Powder on the Hydration of Cement Paste." Materials 12, no. 15: 2483.

Communication
Published: 26 June 2019 in Sustainability
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In this study, we present a low-cost and simple method to treat spent lead–acid battery wastewater using quicklime and slaked lime. The sulfate and lead were successfully removed using the precipitation method. The structure of quicklime, slaked lime, and resultant residues were measured by X-ray diffraction. The obtained results show that the sulfate removal efficiencies were more than 97% for both quicklime and slaked lime and the lead removal efficiencies were 49% for quicklime and 53% for slaked lime in a non-carbonation process. After the carbonation step, the sulfate removal efficiencies were slightly decreased but the lead removal efficiencies were 68.4% for quicklime and 69.3% for slaked lime which were significantly increased compared with the non-carbonation process. This result suggested that quicklime, slaked lime, and carbon dioxide can be a potential candidate for the removal of sulfate and lead from industrial wastewater treatment.

ACS Style

Hong Ha Thi Vu; Shuai Gu; Thenepalli Thriveni; Mohd Danish Khan; Lai Quang Tuan; Ji Whan Ahn. Sustainable Treatment for Sulfate and Lead Removal from Battery Wastewater. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3497 .

AMA Style

Hong Ha Thi Vu, Shuai Gu, Thenepalli Thriveni, Mohd Danish Khan, Lai Quang Tuan, Ji Whan Ahn. Sustainable Treatment for Sulfate and Lead Removal from Battery Wastewater. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Ha Thi Vu; Shuai Gu; Thenepalli Thriveni; Mohd Danish Khan; Lai Quang Tuan; Ji Whan Ahn. 2019. "Sustainable Treatment for Sulfate and Lead Removal from Battery Wastewater." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3497.

Technical note
Published: 17 June 2019 in Sustainability
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Heap leaching is a low-cost technology used in industrial mining to recover precious metals such as gold and uranium, along with several other highly sought after metals like copper, from their primary resources (ores and minerals). For many decades, there has been a growing demand for heap leaching due to its environmental benefits. Heap leaching provides mining operators with a benign, effective and economical solution for the environment and produces only minor emissions from furnaces. The cost of the heap leaching process is low, making this process an attractive option from a financial standpoint. Here, we shall present a brief review of the heap leaching process when applied to the extraction of different metals from primary resources (ores and minerals). This paper presents a roadmap to satisfy future national demands for rare earth elements (REEs). This heap leaching process is applicable for the recovery of REEs from secondary resources such as mining and coal residues. Heap leaching plays a significant role in the recovery of critical elements which are used in clean and green energy applications. In the mining sector, heap leaching is a distinguished method for the recovery of valuable/beneficial metals from low-quality ore. In the present study, we shall report briefly on the heap leaching technologies for valuable metal recovery with economic advantages.

ACS Style

Thriveni Thenepalli; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Lulit Habte; Lai Quang Tuan; Chun Sik Kim. A Brief Note on the Heap Leaching Technologies for the Recovery of Valuable Metals. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3347 .

AMA Style

Thriveni Thenepalli, Ramakrishna Chilakala, Lulit Habte, Lai Quang Tuan, Chun Sik Kim. A Brief Note on the Heap Leaching Technologies for the Recovery of Valuable Metals. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (12):3347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thriveni Thenepalli; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Lulit Habte; Lai Quang Tuan; Chun Sik Kim. 2019. "A Brief Note on the Heap Leaching Technologies for the Recovery of Valuable Metals." Sustainability 11, no. 12: 3347.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2019 in Sustainability
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The sol-gel technique has many advantages over the other mechanism for synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles such as being simple, cheap and having low temperature and pressure. Utilization of waste materials as a precursor for synthesis makes the whole process cheaper, green and sustainable. Calcium Oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized from eggshell through the sol-gel method. Raw eggshell was dissolved by HCl to form CaCl2 solution, adding NaOH to the solution dropwise to agitate Ca (OH)2 gel and finally drying the gel at 900 °C for 1 h. The synthesized nanoparticle was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR and XRD results have clearly depicted the synthesis of calcium oxide from eggshell, which is mainly composed of calcium carbonate. The FE-SEM images of calcium oxide nanoparticles showed that the particles were almost spherical in morphology. The particle size of the nanoparticles was in the range 50 nm–198 nm. Therefore, waste eggshell can be considered as a promising resource of calcium for application of versatile fields.

ACS Style

Lulit Habte; Natnael Shiferaw; Dure Mulatu; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Ji Whan Ahn. Synthesis of Nano-Calcium Oxide from Waste Eggshell by Sol-Gel Method. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3196 .

AMA Style

Lulit Habte, Natnael Shiferaw, Dure Mulatu, Thriveni Thenepalli, Ramakrishna Chilakala, Ji Whan Ahn. Synthesis of Nano-Calcium Oxide from Waste Eggshell by Sol-Gel Method. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lulit Habte; Natnael Shiferaw; Dure Mulatu; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Ji Whan Ahn. 2019. "Synthesis of Nano-Calcium Oxide from Waste Eggshell by Sol-Gel Method." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3196.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Coal-derived power comprises over 39% of the world’s power production. Therefore, a mass volume of coal combustion byproducts are generated and shifted the extra burden onto the economy and environment. Circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) has been found to be a clean and ultimate technology for Korea’s coal-fired power plants to have effective power generation from low-grade imported coal with reduced emissions. Efforts have been made to broaden the utilization of CFBC coal ash, and to promote sustainable development of CFBC technology. Investigations provided numerous evidences for coal ash to be a potential deposit for rare earths reclamation. However, the basic characteristics and the methods of rare earth mining from the CFBC bottom ash lack detailed understanding and are poorly reported. This study highlighted an insight of the CBFC bottom ash with respect to REEs concentration. Moreover, agents were tested as a means for leaching REEs from Samcheok CFBC bottom ash. The leaching tests were performed in relation to variations in concentration, time and temperature. The results were applied to identify suitable processes to leach REEs from the ash and clarify the potential valuation of CFBC bottom ash. The leaching conditions attained by ANOVA analysis for hydrochloric concentration, temperature, and time of 2 mol L−1, 80 °C, and 12 h, were found to provide a maximum extraction of yttrium, neodymium and dysprosium of 62.1%, 55.5% and 65.2%, respectively.

ACS Style

Lai Quang Tuan; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Hong Ha Thi Vu; Ji Whan Ahn; Jeongyun Kim. Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2562 .

AMA Style

Lai Quang Tuan, Thriveni Thenepalli, Ramakrishna Chilakala, Hong Ha Thi Vu, Ji Whan Ahn, Jeongyun Kim. Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2562.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lai Quang Tuan; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Hong Ha Thi Vu; Ji Whan Ahn; Jeongyun Kim. 2019. "Leaching Characteristics of Low Concentration Rare Earth Elements in Korean (Samcheok) CFBC Bottom Ash Samples." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2562.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2019 in Sustainability
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In this study, we utilized lime mud waste from paper mills to synthesize calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) nanoparticles (NPs) and investigate their application for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution. The NPs, composed of green portlandite with hexagonal shape, were successfully produced using a precipitation method at moderately high temperature. The crystal structure and characterization of the prepared Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effects of Ca(OH)2 NP dosage and contact time on removal of phosphorus were also investigated. The results show that the green portlandite NPs can effectively remove phosphorus from aqueous solution. The phosphorus removal efficiencies within 10 min are 53%, 72%, 78%, 98%, and 100% with the different mass ratios of Ca(OH)2 NPs/phosphorus (CNPs/P) of 2.2, 3.5, 4.4, 5.3, and 6.2, respectively. Due to the efficient phosphorus removal, the calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (CNPs) could be a potential candidate for this application in domestic or industrial wastewater treatment.

ACS Style

Hong Ha Thi Vu; Mohd Danish Khan; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Tuan Quang Lai; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ji Whan Ahn; Dong Un Park; Jeongyun Kim. Utilization of Lime Mud Waste from Paper Mills for Efficient Phosphorus Removal. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1524 .

AMA Style

Hong Ha Thi Vu, Mohd Danish Khan, Ramakrishna Chilakala, Tuan Quang Lai, Thriveni Thenepalli, Ji Whan Ahn, Dong Un Park, Jeongyun Kim. Utilization of Lime Mud Waste from Paper Mills for Efficient Phosphorus Removal. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (6):1524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hong Ha Thi Vu; Mohd Danish Khan; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Tuan Quang Lai; Thriveni Thenepalli; Ji Whan Ahn; Dong Un Park; Jeongyun Kim. 2019. "Utilization of Lime Mud Waste from Paper Mills for Efficient Phosphorus Removal." Sustainability 11, no. 6: 1524.

Review
Published: 02 August 2018 in Energies
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Annually, coal-fired power plants in Vietnam discharge hundreds of thousand tons of coal ash. Most of this ash goes into the environment without treatment or any plan for the efficient reuse of this precious resource. There are many reasons for this, such as poor quality of the ash, no suitable and feasible ash treatment technology, a lack of awareness about environmental pollution and resource saving, and inappropriate sanctions and policies. This study analyzed and summarized information and data pertaining to the current status of the production, discharge, and utilization of coal ash from the Cao Ngan Power Plant (CNPP) in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam. In addition, the potential for applying advanced emission reduction technologies in order to recycle coal ash for cement production, as well as geographical, socio-economic, and market factors were assessed. This paper reveals the results of a preliminary assessment of carbon-mineralization technologies which seek to achieve the following three goals: (1) effectively disposing of coal ash to protect the environment and local community, (2) contributing to the nationally determined effort to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions which cause climate change, and (3) making value-added products and bringing economic benefits to a sustainable society.

ACS Style

Thriveni Thenepalli; Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc; Lai Quang Tuan; Trinh Hai Son; Ho Huu Hieu; Dang Tran Nhu Thuy; Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao; Duong Thi Thanh Tam; Doan Thi Ngoc Huyen; Tran Tan Van; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Ji Whan Ahn. Technological Solutions for Recycling Ash Slag from the Cao Ngan Coal Power Plant in Vietnam. Energies 2018, 11, 2018 .

AMA Style

Thriveni Thenepalli, Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc, Lai Quang Tuan, Trinh Hai Son, Ho Huu Hieu, Dang Tran Nhu Thuy, Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao, Duong Thi Thanh Tam, Doan Thi Ngoc Huyen, Tran Tan Van, Ramakrishna Chilakala, Ji Whan Ahn. Technological Solutions for Recycling Ash Slag from the Cao Ngan Coal Power Plant in Vietnam. Energies. 2018; 11 (8):2018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thriveni Thenepalli; Nguyen Thi Minh Ngoc; Lai Quang Tuan; Trinh Hai Son; Ho Huu Hieu; Dang Tran Nhu Thuy; Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao; Duong Thi Thanh Tam; Doan Thi Ngoc Huyen; Tran Tan Van; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Ji Whan Ahn. 2018. "Technological Solutions for Recycling Ash Slag from the Cao Ngan Coal Power Plant in Vietnam." Energies 11, no. 8: 2018.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2018 in Water
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One of the undesirable characteristics of some ground and natural water sources is hardness. Hard water can cause many problems around the world, including increased scaling on water pipes, boilers, atopic eczema and odd-tasting drinking water. Hardness in natural water is caused by dissolved minerals, mainly calcium and magnesium compounds. According to the Water Quality Association (WQA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), hard water is classified based on the Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion concentration in waters, as follows: 0–60 ppm as soft; 61–120 ppm as moderately hard; 121–180 ppm as hard and more than 180 ppm as very hard water. Most water utilities consider a hardness level between 50 and 150 ppm of CaCO3 as publicly acceptable. The present study investigated the effects of a carbonation process on the removal of hardness in different water samples. Currently, a wide variety of hardness removal technologies are available. Among those conventional methods, carbonation is an inexpensive process which can be used for the removal of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from hard water. This study measured the hardness levels of 17 different water samples using the ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) method. Among these, Seoul outdoor swimming pool water (140 ppm) samples showed high concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. The hardness of the different water samples was reduced by 40–85% by a carbonation process with a closed pressure reactor for a 5 min reaction time.

ACS Style

Min Kyung Ahn; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Choon Han; Thriveni Thenepalli. Removal of Hardness from Water Samples by a Carbonation Process with a Closed Pressure Reactor. Water 2018, 10, 54 .

AMA Style

Min Kyung Ahn, Ramakrishna Chilakala, Choon Han, Thriveni Thenepalli. Removal of Hardness from Water Samples by a Carbonation Process with a Closed Pressure Reactor. Water. 2018; 10 (1):54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Min Kyung Ahn; Ramakrishna Chilakala; Choon Han; Thriveni Thenepalli. 2018. "Removal of Hardness from Water Samples by a Carbonation Process with a Closed Pressure Reactor." Water 10, no. 1: 54.