Invasive aspergillosis is a rare but severe fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals. The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has introduced new complexities in managing aspergillosis due to the widespread use of corticosteroids for treating COVID-19-related respiratory distress, which can increase susceptibility to fungal infections. Here, we present a challenging case of progressive cerebral aspergillosis complicated by cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) in a 67-year-old male with a history of COVID-19. The patient, initially misdiagnosed with temporal arteritis, received pulse corticosteroid therapy twice before presenting with persistent left-sided headaches and vision loss. Cranial imaging revealed findings consistent with fungal sinusitis, Tolosa–Hunt syndrome, and orbital pseudotumor, which progressed despite initial antifungal therapy. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging indicated an invasive mass extending into the left cavernous sinus and other intracranial structures, raising suspicion of aspergillosis. A transsphenoidal biopsy confirmed Aspergillus infection, leading to voriconazole therapy. Despite aggressive treatment, follow-up imaging revealed significant progression, with extension to the right frontal region and left cavernous sinus. The patient then developed visual impairment in the right eye and was diagnosed with CST secondary to fungal sinusitis. Management included a combination of systemic antifungals and antibiotics; however, the patient declined surgical intervention. This case underscores the diagnostic challenges and rapid progression associated with cerebral aspergillosis in post-COVID-19 patients treated with corticosteroids. This report highlights the need for heightened clinical suspicion and prompt, targeted interventions in similar cases to improve patient outcomes. Further research is required to understand the optimal management of invasive fungal infections.

Background: Recent studies indicate that the organo-axial subtype of a sigmoid volvulus is more prevalent than the conventional mesentero-axial subtype. Our study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological findings that differentiate between these two subtypes, as well as to ascertain treatment outcomes and prognostic characteristics. Methods: A retrospective review included 54 patients, during which abdominal plain radiographs and computed tomography images were analyzed by two radiologists, and data on recurrence, mortality, and treatment outcomes were documented. Results: The mesentero-axial subtype comprised 40 cases (74%). No distinct radiographic findings were observed to differentiate between the two groups. In computed tomography, the sole significant parameter for differentiation was the number of transition zones. The diameter of the segment exhibiting a volvulus was greater in instances of the mesentero-axial subtype. The endoscopic detorsion treatment proved ineffective in five patients within the mesentero-axial sigmoid volvulus cohort. Conclusions: Identifying these two types of SV on CT images is essential because of their distinct prognoses and therapeutic results.

Shear wave elastography (SWE) has become popular in clinical practice for many diseases. However, there is not adequate research on spleen-related diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential of quantitative values obtained through SWE in evaluating spleen pathologies in the pediatric population and to demonstrate its performance to differentiate splenomegaly-related diseases. The research group retrospectively included children with pathological diagnoses related to the spleen from November 2016 to April 2021, and they were categorized into three groups, including portal hypertension (PH), benign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH), and malignant infiltration (MI). Spleen sizes and parenchymal stiffness were also calculated for each group. Subsequently, mean spleen stiffness in each group was compared with normal values within the same age group. In total, 2781 children (1379 children for the study group; 1402 children for the control group) were enrolled in the study. The highest stiffness was observed in the PH group, which is statistically higher than others (p < 0.05). Although the mean spleen stiffness in the group with BLH was higher than the control and MI group, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). The mean stiffness in the group with MI was significantly lower than both the control group (p = 0.005) and PH (p = 0.01). In conclusion, using SWE in the differential diagnosis of etiologies causing splenomegaly could make an important contribution.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in predicting pathologic subtypes and grade in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: From January 2018 to March 2020, 48 surgically diagnosed NSCLC cases were included in this study. To obtain ADC values, ADC maps were constructed, and a region of interest was put on the tumor. The values were measured three times from different places of the lesion, and the mean value of these measurements was recorded. All MRI scans were evaluated by two radiologists in consensus. Results: A total of 14 cases were squamous cell cancer, 32 cases were adenocarcinoma, and 2 cases were large cell carcinoma. The mean ADC values of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell cancer were 1.51 ± 0.19 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, 1.32 ± 0.15 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, and 1.39 ± 0.25 × 10⁻³ mm²/s, respectively. There were 11 grade 1, 27 grade 2, and 10 grade 3 NSCLC cases. The mean ADC value was 1.44 ± 0.14 × 10⁻³ mm²/s in grade 1 tumors, 1.25 ± 0.10 × 10⁻³ mm²/s in grade 2 tumors, and 1.07 ± 0.15 × 10⁻³ mm²/s in grade 3 tumors. The cut-off value to discriminate grade 2 from grade 1 tumors was 1.31 ± 0.11 × 10⁻³ mm²/s (85% sensitivity, 75% specificity). The cut-off value to discriminate grade 3 from grade 2 tumors was 1.11 ± 0.15 × 10⁻³ mm²/s (87% sensitivity, 69% specificity). Conclusions: ADC values can accurately predict NSCLC histopathologic subtypes and tumor grade.

Although vaccines have been shown to reduce the number of COVID-19 infection cases significantly, vaccine-related reactions, long COVID-19 syndrome, and COVID-19 infection following vaccination continue to be a burden on healthcare services and warrant further scientific research. The purpose of this study was to research the severity of pulmonary COVID-19 infection following vaccination and the sequelae rates of recurrent infections in vaccinated cases by imaging. Patients who underwent follow-up CTs at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months in our hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were scanned retrospectively. Furthermore, all essential information was gathered from patients’ immunization records. The major findings of our study were: (1) sequelae were frequently observed in unvaccinated cases; (2) the correlation between vaccination status and the severity of sequelae was significant; (3) there was not any significant relationship between the vaccine type and the severity of sequelae; and (4) hematocrit, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte parameters may be used as predictors of sequelae rates. COVID-19 infection, although reduced in prevalence following the development of vaccines, still remains a public health concern because of reinfection. Vaccination not only appears to protect against primary infection, but also seems to reduce reinfection and sequalae rates following reinfection.

Objectives: Pain around the coccyx is referred to as coccydynia. Inter coccygeal and sacrococcygeal angles as well as some types of coccyx may be associated with idiopathic coccydynia. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of the coccyx using MRI and to determine whether morphologic-morphometric features are associated with coccydynia in the pediatric population. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively on children aged 10–17 years who underwent pelvic and sacral magnetic resonance imaging for non-trauma related reasons. Inter coccygeal-sacrococcygeal angles and coccyx types were determined using sagittal T1- and T2-weighted images. Gender-specific assessments were made for intercoccigeal and sacrococcygeal angles as well as coccyx types based on Postacchinni and Massobrio classification. In statistical analysis, a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and fifty-six children were included in the final analysis (108 girls, 48 boys). The mean age of the cases was 13.8 years (10–17). Type 1 was the most common type overall, accounting for 57.7% of the population. The sacrococcygeal angles of boys were significantly higher than those of girls. A significant negative correlation was found between age and sacrococcygeal angle. In children with Type 1 and Type 2 coccyx, girls had significantly higher intercoccigeal angles than boys. The intercoccigeal angle varied significantly in each coccyx type and the intercoccigeal angles increased significantly as the coccyx type increased (from Type 1 to Type 4). The most common coccyx type in the coccidynia group was Type 2, while the most common type in the control group was Type 1. The mean intercoccigeal angles of children with coccidynia were significantly higher than those of the control group. Conclusion: Coccydynia is a symptom with many possible reasons rather than a diagnosis. Coccyx morphology and morphometry can be associated with idiopathic coccydynia. To better understand these morphological and morphometric features, especially in the pediatric population, larger population studies are required.