Golf is a popular sport played worldwide. The majority of professional golfers work as teaching professionals based at golf clubs. All professional players spend numerous hours on the golf course, placing themselves at increased risk of injury. There have been no recent, large studies investigating injury patterns among male and female professional golfers. To investigate the frequency, types and mechanism of injury sustained by male and female professional golfers and to compare injury patterns between touring and teaching professionals. Injury data was analyzed from 77 amateur golfers recruited through a questionnaire asking about their different injuries. A web based survey was conducted focusing on injury frequency, location and mechanism and any subsequent time loss. Factors such as side of injury, investigations for the injury were noted. The study enlisted the participation of 76 patients. One was excluded due to incomplete questionairres Injuries were reported by 34 patients (45%). Eleven patients said they had an elbow injury. The relationship between the number of years the individuals had been playing golf and their history of injury was shown to be significant (p = 0.0257). Warm up and injury have a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.846). In order to contribute to making golf a safer and hence more enjoyable lifetime activity, a greater knowledge of golf-related injuries is required. This study attempts to do so, and the elbow was discovered to be the most damaged region.

Surgery is one of the most energy-intensive branches of healthcare. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has reduced surgical volumes, infection control protocols have increased the ecological footprint of surgery owing to the extensive use of personal protective equipment, sanitation, testing and isolation resources. The burden of environmental diseases requiring surgical care, the international commitment towards environmental sustainability and the global efforts to return to the pre-pandemic surgical workflow call for action towards climate-friendly surgery. The authors have searched the peer-reviewed and gray literature for clinical studies, reports and guidelines related to the ecological footprint of surgical care and the available solutions and frameworks to reduce it. Numerous studies concede that surgery is associated with a high rate of energy utilization and waste generation that is comparable to major non-medical sources of pollution. Recommendations and research questions outlining environmentally sustainable models of surgical practices span from sanitation and air quality improvement systems to the allocation of non-recyclable consumables and energy-efficient surgical planning. The latter are particularly relevant to infection control protocols for COVID-19. Paving the way towards climate-friendly surgery is a worthy endeavor with a major potential to improve surgical practice and outcomes in the long term.

OBJECTIVE. We sought to evaluate any association of periodontitis in patients with angina despite non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS. Electronic records of all patients (n=103,955) labeled as ACS were screened and the patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) were enrolled as group 1 and age-matched controls with no CAD were labeled as group 2. RESULTS. Female gender (OR (95%CI): 1.04 (0.93 – 1.59); p=0.004), diabetes mellitus (OR (95%CI): 0.25 (0.05– 0.63); p=0.02), peripheral arterial disease (OR (95%CI): 0.78 (0.63 – 0.91); p=0.001), dyslipidemia (OR (95%CI): 1.45 (0.47 – 2.93); p=0.015), smoking, moderate (OR (95%CI): 5.42 (1.91 – 22.69); p=0.04) and severe periodontitis (OR (95%CI): 2.58 (1.72 – 3.26); p=0.027) were independent predictors of MINOCA. There was an increased graded risk (relative risk (RR)) of MINOCA with periodontitis + diabetes mellitus (RR (95%CI): 0.91 (0.34 – 1.23); p=0.032), periodontitis + peripheral arterial disease (RR (95%CI): 0.85 (0.47 – 1.46); p=0.025), periodontitis + renal disease (RR (95%CI): 1.04 (0.85 – 1.23); p=0.04), and periodontitis + smoking (RR (95%CI): 0.94 (0.77 – 1.06); p=0.006). CONCLUSION. This study demonstrated that moderate to severe periodontitis might be independently associated with the increased incidence of MINOCA among the general population. Furthermore, it discovered various predictors of MINOCA among the general population.