“Milk skin”-analogous ensembles enable fine control over colloid deposition processes, allowing their universal use for uniform nanomaterial patterning.

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), an osteopromotive neurotransmitter with a short half-life, shows increase while calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL) level is decreased at the early stage in bone fractures. Therefore, the activation of CALCRL-mediated signaling may be more critical to promote the tendon-bone healing. We found CGRP enhanced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through PKA/CREB/JUNB pathway, contributing to improved sonic hedgehog (SHH) expression, which was verified at the tendon-bone interface (TBI) in the mice with Calcrl overexpression. The osteoblast-derived SHH and slit guidance ligand 3 were reported to favor nerve regeneration and type H (CD31 ^hi EMCN ^hi ) vessel formation, respectively. Encouragingly, the activation or inactivation of CALCRL-mediated signaling significantly increased or decreased intensity of type H vessel and nerve fiber at the TBI, respectively. Simultaneously, improved gait characteristics and biomechanical performance were observed in the Calcrl overexpression group. Together, the gene therapy targeting CGRP receptor may be a therapeutic strategy in sports medicine.

Granular hydrogels are the conglomerations of micrometer‐sized hydrogel particles that have recently become promising in tissue growth and three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Recent advances in the use of jamming transition of granular hydrogels represent a potential paradigm shift in the extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting. These dynamic granular hydrogels are shear thinning and self‐healing, enable higher printing performance, and the creation of better physiological conditions for heterocellular constructs. Here, we review the current efforts to explore materials to produce granular hydrogels with novel functional properties, focusing on the granular hydrogels that can be used for supporting baths and bioinks in the extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting. The recent advances, benefits, and challenges in this emerging area are highlighted.