Background: Stroke is not only a major cause of disability but also the third leading cause of death, following heart disease and cancer. It has been established that stroke causes permanent disability in 80% of survivors. However, current treatment options for this patient population are limited. Inflammation and immune response are major features that are well‐recognized to occur after a stroke. The gastrointestinal tract hosts complex microbial communities, the largest pool of immune cells, and forms a bidirectional regulation brain‐gut axis with the brain. Recent experimental and clinical studies have highlighted the importance of the relationship between the intestinal microenvironment and stroke. Over the years, the influence of the intestine on stroke has emerged as an important and dynamic research direction in biology and medicine.Aims: In this review, we describe the structure and function of the intestinal microenvironment and highlight its cross‐talk relationship with stroke. In addition, we discuss potential strategies aiming to target the intestinal microenvironment during stroke treatment.Conclusion: The structure and function of the intestinal environment can influence neurological function and cerebral ischemic outcome. Improving the intestinal microenvironment by targeting the gut microbiota may be a new direction in treating stroke.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects 2% to 3% of the world’s population. It is widely assumed that immune cells and cytokines acting together play a crucial part in the pathophysiology of psoriasis by promoting the excessive proliferation of skin keratinocytes and inflammatory infiltration. Interleukins (ILs), as a critical component of cytokines, have been closely associated with the pathogenesis and progression of psoriasis. This review summarizes the current contribution of ILs to psoriasis and describes the role each IL performs in psoriasis. Furthermore, the paper presents the therapeutic effects and application prospects of biologics developed for ILs in clinical treatment and experiments. The study aims to further the research on ILs in the treatment of psoriasis.