The escalating global energy demand, driven by heavy reliance on fossil fuels, worsens environmental degradation and triggers socio-economic shifts in extraction and refinery hubs. In Colombia, the energy matrix is predominantly fossil-based (76%), with hydroelectric power accounting for 70% of electricity generation. However, renewable energy sources only contribute 2% to the national energy mix. To reduce emissions by 20% by 2030, Colombia has presented an energy transition roadmap. The need for bioenergy production in Colombia arises from the residual biomass availability, the potential to provide sustainable energy access, and the potential to mitigate climate change impacts, while addressing energy poverty and enhancing energy security. This study presents an overview of biogas production in Colombia, emphasizing the need for financial resources to overcome barriers. Policy incentives, awareness campaigns, and research and development play a vital role in fostering social acceptance, technology adoption, and optimizing biogas production processes. Collaborative efforts among the government, private sector, and local communities are recommended to ensure wide-scale adoption of biogas, promoting economic, social, and environmental sustainability. By enabling informed decision-making, this research supports the transition to renewable energy sources and the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), with a particular focus on bioenergy. The aim of this study is to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with biogas production in Colombia, including technical, economic, social, and environmental aspects, and provide recommendations for promoting its sustainable implementation and widespread adoption in the country.

The electrical efficiency of solar photovoltaic (PV) panels depends on their temperature. One of the significant problems consists in the overheating due to the total radiation energy, the ambient temperature, and the low capacity to dissipate this thermal energy. To improve the efficiency of solar panels, a numerical study was carried out using the ANSYS-Fluent 2021 commercial software in which the heat transfer between a solar panel with and without heat sinks was modelled, determining the incidence of fins in power generated by the photovoltaic cell. For the development of the study, initially, the theoretical calculation of the heat transfer and the generated power that occurs in the cell with and without a heat sink was carried out. Therefore, numerical simulation was conducted to analyse the effect of the geometry of the heat sink on the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells; different arrangements of rectangular fins were taken, varying their height (10 mm, 25 mm, and 50 mm). For the model’s configuration, boundary conditions corresponding to physical phenomena such as solar radiation and forced convection were considered. Results show an increase on the solar PV panel efficiency of 0.36%, 0.72%, and 1.07% for the height heat sinks of 10 mm, 25 mm, and 50 mm compared to the commercial PV solar panel without heat dissipation, respectively