Euphorbia fischeriana has a long-standing history of use in traditional medicine for the treatment of tuberculosis diseases. However, the plant’s therapeutic potential extends beyond this specific ailment. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of Euphorbia fischeriana and lay the groundwork for further research on its potential therapeutic applications. Phytochemical tests were performed on the plant, and 11 types of phytochemicals were identified. Ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the active components and antioxidant properties of eight different solvent extracts, ultimately selecting acetone extract for further research. UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS identified 43 compounds in the acetone extract, and chemical calculations were used to isolate those with high content and antioxidant activity. Three stability experiments confirmed the extract’s stability, while cell viability and oral acute toxicity studies demonstrated its relatively low toxicity. In rats, the acetone extract showed significant protective effects against D-galactosamine-induced liver damage through histopathological examination and biochemical analysis. These results suggest that Euphorbia fischeriana’s acetone extract has potential in treating diseases related to oxidative imbalances. Therefore, this study highlights the plant’s potential therapeutic applications while providing insight into its antioxidant properties.

This study reported the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Dioscorea nipponica Makino, a plant used in traditional medicine for various ailments. Nine compounds were isolated, including a new compound named as diosniposide E, which was elucidated by analyzing its ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HMBC and MS data and comparing them with data available in literature. The other eight compounds were identified as known compounds. Theoretical calculations of energy and the generation of a molecular electrostatic potential surface map were employed to assess the antioxidant capacity of nine compounds, the calculation results exhibited that compounds 5 and 6 had strong antioxidant capacities. To further evaluate the antioxidant activities of the investigated compounds, the DPPH and ABTS assays were conducted. The results from the DPPH scavenging activity test revealed that compounds 4–6 exhibited enhanced scavenging activities compared to L-ascorbic acid, while displaying similar efficacy to trolox. Moreover, the ABTS scavenging activities of compounds 4–6 were found to surpass those of L-ascorbic acid and trolox. In terms of α-glucosidase inhibition, compounds 3 and 4 displayed remarkable inhibitory activities that surpassed the effects of acarbose. Additionally, compound 2 exhibited potent anticholinesterase activities, outperforming donepezil. This research provides insights into the potential bioactive compounds present in Dioscoreanipponica Makino and may contribute to its use in traditional medicine.

This study investigated the content and biological activity of three solvent extracts of Adonis ramosa Franch (AR), which contains 12 types of phytochemicals. The overall yield and total protein content of the aqueous extract were the highest, and it exhibited the highest hydroxyl and superoxide radical-scavenging abilities, copper chelating abilities, and cupric reducing antioxidant capacity. Ethanol extract had the highest total phenolic, flavonoid, and carbohydrate contents, and it showed the highest iron chelating activity, and HClO- and nitrite-scavenging abilities. Methanol AR extract contained the highest total steroid and tannin contents; it also demonstrated high radical- and reactive oxygen species-scavenging abilities and had the best ferric reducing antioxidant power, which allowed it to effectively prevent β-carotene bleaching. Methanol extract also showed good stability and low toxicity. All tested solvent extracts of AR exhibited weak enzyme-inhibitory activities for four enzymes (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase). Overall, AR can serve as a natural antioxidant. Graphical Abstract

Swertia perennis Linnaeus (SP) has been utilised to treat gastritis. We report the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of SP. The correlation between the biological activities and total bioactive contents of the extracts was also studied via multivariate analysis. Methanol extract contained many active compounds and exhibited good antioxidant activity. Therefore, this was selected for further phytochemical profiling and stability studies. Fourteen compounds were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-orbitrap-mass spectrometry for the first time from this plant. Iridoids, xanthones, and flavonoids were the main components. Methanol extract exhibited good stability and antioxidant capacity in stability studies, with low toxicity, and showed a protective effect on the oxidation of olive and sunflower oils. SP has the potential to be developed and used as an antioxidant, or as urease and XO inhibitors, and its methanol extract could be used as a natural oil stabiliser. Graphical Abstract

1. The genus Anemone L., belonging to the Ranunculaceae family, comprises approximately 150 species distributed globally, with a high diversity in Asia and Europe. In China, about 52 species are fo...

Alcoholic gastric ulcer is a prevalent digestive disorder closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory damage, prompting growing interest in bioactive peptides as potential nutritional interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and gastroprotective effects of Pichia pastoris residue hydrolyzed peptides (PPRHP) in a mouse model of ethanol-induced gastric injury. Amino acid analysis revealed that PPRHP contains 17 amino acids with an essential-to-total amino acid ratio of 0.512. In vitro assays demonstrated strong radical (ABTS and hydroxyl) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging abilities, as well as copper ion chelation capacity, attributable to the reactive residues within the peptide sequences like histidine, tyrosine, and methionine. In vivo , pretreatment with PPRHP (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) dose-dependently ameliorated ethanol-induced gastric damage, as evidenced by reduced ulcer area, submucosal edema, and leukocyte infiltration. Furthermore, PPRHP significantly reversed oxidative stress by elevating gastric superoxide dismutase and serum catalase levels while reducing gastric malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels ( p < 0.001), with the most pronounced effects observed at the medium dose of 400 mg/kg. These findings indicate that PPRHP, a peptide-rich and antioxidant substance, exerts significant protective effects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, likely through mechanisms involving free radical scavenging, metal ion chelation, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and restoration of oxidative-antioxidative balance.