Forests of Asia-Pacific islands have undergone degradation by some of the worst-known selective logging practices in the tropics. It is unclear whether severely damaged forests can return to a pre-logging state via natural regeneration, or whether active restoration is required. In this review, we highlight how the socioeconomic dynamics in the Solomon Islands promote excessive logging, resulting in highly degraded forests. We detail seven key elements currently promoting excessive logging in this region: (i) economic interests, (ii) corruption, (iii) poor employment conditions in the logging sector, (iv) high forest accessibility, (v) resource limitations for forest monitoring, (vi) contention over logging benefits, and (vii) a paucity of information for policy development. Though research on the regeneration capacity of logged forests in the Solomon Islands remains extremely limited, we suggest that some logged forests in the country may require active restoration—especially those that have been most heavily damaged. Our argument is based on previous tree planting initiatives in logged forest in the 1970s and 1980s. We propose three broad restoration techniques—enrichment planting, direct seeding, and the use of artificial perches—as viable options to help restore logged forests in the Solomon Islands. Lastly, we recommend the conservation-concession model to aid forest restoration, given its recent success in the region.

The Island of New Guinea is renowned for its high biodiversity, which arises in part from its complex geology and topographical variability. The island is, however, relatively understudied. We surveyed forest plant communities in the poorly studied Naoro-Brown catchment of the West Koiari region of Papua New Guinea. We identified four forest types—riverine successional forest, lower montane forest, hill forest, and riverine mixed forest—along a 13-km transect, and examined forest structure (tree height, stand density, and biomass) and tree species diversity (species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and composition) in these forest types. We also assessed the effect of local topography on floristic patterns. Forest structure and species diversity varied greatly among the forest types, with topography strongly affecting species assemblages. These results suggest that highly varied landscapes may contain high beta diversity via intense segregation and establishment of varied vegetation communities. Beta diversity in New Guinea may be higher than expected as such highly varied landscapes are common, yet poorly studied. To effectively conserve biodiversity in New Guinea's forests, protection must include forested landscapes that best represent the topographical variability throughout the island to account for locally endemic species restricted to specific ecological niches.

Mangrove ecosystems have attracted increasing global attention for their vital ecosystem services and exceptional carbon storage capacity. This study assessed and updated the species composition and population structure of two mangrove forests in the Marau Sound region of Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands. Circular plots (7 m radius) were established at 25-meter intervals along transects running from the seaward to the landward edge of the forests to capture representative ecological data. The primary aim was to determine the current diversity of true mangrove species in the region. A total of 12 true mangrove species were recorded within the study plots, though observations outside the plots suggest the number could reach up to 26. The Rhizophoraceaefamily was found to be the most dominant, with Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora apiculataidentified as the most ecologically significant species. Notably, the study confirmed the presence of Sonneratia alba and Heritiera littoralis, two species not previously documented in Marau, thus contributing a valuable update to the regional mangrove inventory. These findings highlight Marau as a critical mangrove habitat with species that offer significant potential for blue carbon sequestration, emphasizing the need for continued research and conservation efforts in the region.