The management of skin injuries is one of the most common concerns in medical facilities. Different types of biomaterials with effective wound-healing characteristics have been studied previously. In this study, we used alginate (Alg) and hyaluronic acid (HA) composite (80:20) beads for the sustained release of epidermal growth factor (EGF) delivery. Heparin crosslinked AlgHA beads showed significant loading and entrapment of EGF. Encapsulated beads demonstrated biocompatibility with rat L929 cells and significant migration at the concentration of AlgHAEGF100 and AlgHAEGF150 within 24 h. Both groups significantly improved the expression of Fetal Liver Kinase 1 (FLK-1) along with the Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein in rat bone Mesenchymal stem cells (rbMSCs). In vivo assessment exhibited significant epithelialization and wound closure gaps within 2 weeks. Immunohistochemistry shows markedly significant levels of ICAM-1, FLK-1, and fibronectin (FN) in the AlgHAEGF100 and AlgHAEGF150 groups. Hence, we conclude that the EGF-loaded alginate-hyaluronic acid (AlgHA) bead system can be used to promote wound healing.

The aim of the current study was to determine the epidemiological state of HBV and HCV infection in the Afghanistan, province of Nangarhar. Over a six-month period, approximately 17600 patients were treated for various diagnoses. 538 of the samples tested positive for HBs Ag and HCV Ab; the ICT screening was used to identify the positive samples, and PCR was used to confirm the results. The entire patient population (17600) had a prevalence of both HBV and HCV of (n=538, 3.056%), while each had a prevalence of (n=198, 1.125%) for HCV Ab and (n=340, 1.9318%) for HBs Ag. The nucleic acid-based prevalence for viral hepatitis was lowered to (n=171, 0.9715%) for HCV, (n=53, 0.3011%), and (n=118, 0.670%) for HBV. The research findings indicate that the prevalence of HCV is higher in females than in males. The age range between 31 and 40 has the highest prevalence; based on information provided in the questionnaire, women in this age group have had many deliveries, including multiple blood transfusions. Men were more likely than women to be affected by HBV. The data gathered suggests that dental work up and family interaction with any affected individual may be contributing factors.