Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that impacts the central nervous system and can result in disability. Although the prevalence of MS has increased in India, diagnosis and treatment continue to be difficult due to several factors. The present study examines the difficulties in detecting and treating multiple sclerosis in India. A lack of MS knowledge among healthcare professionals and the general public, which delays diagnosis and treatment, is one of the significant issues. Inadequate numbers of neurologists and professionals with knowledge of MS management also exacerbate the situation. In addition, MS medications are expensive and not covered by insurance, making them inaccessible to most patients. Due to the absence of established treatment protocols and standards for MS care, India’s treatment techniques vary. In addition, India’s population diversity poses unique challenges regarding genetic variations, cellular and molecular abnormalities, and the potential for differing treatment responses. MS is more difficult to accurately diagnose and monitor due to a lack of specialized medical supplies and diagnostic instruments. Improved awareness and education among healthcare professionals and the general public, as well as the development of standardized treatment regimens and increased investment in MS research and infrastructure, are required to address these issues. By addressing these issues, it is anticipated that MS diagnosis and treatment in India will improve, leading to better outcomes for those affected by this chronic condition.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and chronic pain are global health concerns that affect millions of people, often requiring long-term, effective treatment strategies. The conventional therapies used to manage these conditions come with significant limitations. In TB, long treatment durations, poor compliance, drug resistance, and toxicity of first-line drugs are key challenges. Similarly, pain management faces issues, such as inadequate targeting, systemic side effects, and tolerance to analgesics, limiting traditional therapy efficacy. Objective: The objective of this review is to explore the potential of nanocarriers as a targeted drug delivery strategy for improving treatment outcomes in TB and pain management. It aims to explore how these advanced systems improve drug bioavailability (BA), control release, reduce side effects, and enhance therapeutic outcomes. Methods: This systematic review used databases like PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and ResearchGate, etc., to collect original review articles from the past 15 years (September 1, 2007 to September 1, 2024). Results: The review also revealed that these advanced systems offer promising solutions for overcoming the limitations of conventional therapies, such as poor patient compliance and drug toxicity. Nanocarriers represent a transformative approach in both TB and pain management, with the potential to revolutionize treatment paradigms and improve patient outcomes. Conclusion: In conclusion, nanocarriers represent a highly promising approach for advancing treatment strategies in both TB and pain management. The review underscores that nanocarrier systems, such as nanoemulsion, nanosuspension, nanocrystal, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimer, and polymeric nanoparticles, offer substantial improvements in drug delivery by enhancing BA, ensuring targeted release, and reducing systemic side effects.

Background: Traditional Tuberculosis (TB) treatments and analgesic therapies are often associated with resistance and poor patient compliance, highlighting the need for improved delivery systems. SLNPs, with their lipid matrix encapsulation, offer promising solutions to these challenges, making them valuable tools for enhancing TB treatment and analgesic effects. Objective: The primary aim of this review was to assess and investigate the potential of SLNPs. This included evaluating their effectiveness in improving the Bioavailability (BA) and therapeutic results of anti-TB medications, along with their capacity to deliver prolonged analgesic effects. The formulation methods and applications of SLNPs have the potential to transform the treatment of tuberculosis and pain management. Methods: This review utilized multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, official websites, Google Scholar, Google Patent, and ResearchGate, to gather original review articles. Publications from the last 15 years, from August 31, 2009 to August 31, 2024, were selected for data compilation. The initial two authors conducted the selection, extraction, and review of the articles to compile the complete dataset. Results: Over 70 studies, along with an additional 30, were selected for the review. These findings underscore the ability of SLNPs to overcome the obstacle of conventional drug therapies, supporting their application in TB treatment and pain management. Conclusion: Most studies suggest that SLNPs represent a significant advancement in drug delivery, offering a modern formulation approach that can enhance TB treatment and provide effective analgesic relief. However, the extent of these benefits may be underreported.