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Advancements in emerging technologies have brought remarkable socio-technical changes to how people communicate, Smart transportation and urban mobility have become high priority topics for city planners and policymakers as cities seek to become more desirable to citizens. However, few empirical studies have critically examined factors that affect user acceptance of Smart Transportation Services (STS) and their impact. Grounded in perceived risk and trust theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this paper examines the impact of users’ antecedents on the acceptance of smart transportation services. We use structural equation modeling to conduct an empirical analysis of questionnaire data collected from a sample of users in China. Results show that trust and reducing perceived security risk and perceived privacy risk can enhance users’ trust in STS. Our findings provide important practical implications for governments and service providers for improving the acceptance rate of smart transportation services in China.
Junze Wang; Sheng Zhao; Wei Zhang; Richard Evans. Why people adopt smart transportation services: an integrated model of TAM, trust and perceived risk. Transportation Planning and Technology 2021, 1 -18.
AMA StyleJunze Wang, Sheng Zhao, Wei Zhang, Richard Evans. Why people adopt smart transportation services: an integrated model of TAM, trust and perceived risk. Transportation Planning and Technology. 2021; ():1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunze Wang; Sheng Zhao; Wei Zhang; Richard Evans. 2021. "Why people adopt smart transportation services: an integrated model of TAM, trust and perceived risk." Transportation Planning and Technology , no. : 1-18.
Background Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, imposed citywide lockdown measures on January 23, 2020. Neighboring cities in Hubei Province followed suit with the government enforcing social distancing measures to restrict the spread of the disease throughout the province. Few studies have examined the emotional attitudes of citizens as expressed on social media toward the imposed social distancing measures and the factors that affected their emotions. Objective The aim of this study was twofold. First, we aimed to detect the emotional attitudes of different groups of users on Sina Weibo toward the social distancing measures imposed by the People’s Government of Hubei Province. Second, the influencing factors of their emotions, as well as the impact of the imposed measures on users’ emotions, was studied. Methods Sina Weibo, one of China’s largest social media platforms, was chosen as the primary data source. The time span of selected data was from January 21, 2020, to March 24, 2020, while analysis was completed in late June 2020. Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) was used to analyze users’ emotions, while logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influence of explanatory variables on users’ emotions, such as age and spatial location. Further, the moderating effects of social distancing measures on the relationship between user characteristics and users’ emotions were assessed by observing the interaction effects between the measures and explanatory variables. Results Based on the 63,169 comments obtained, we identified six topics of discussion—(1) delaying the resumption of work and school, (2) travel restrictions, (3) traffic restrictions, (4) extending the Lunar New Year holiday, (5) closing public spaces, and (6) community containment. There was no multicollinearity in the data during statistical analysis; the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit was 0.24 (χ28=10.34, P>.24). The main emotions shown by citizens were negative, including anger and fear. Users located in Hubei Province showed the highest amount of negative emotions in Mainland China. There are statistically significant differences in the distribution of emotional polarity between social distancing measures (χ220=19,084.73, P<.001), as well as emotional polarity between genders (χ24=1784.59, P<.001) and emotional polarity between spatial locations (χ24=1659.67, P<.001). Compared with other types of social distancing measures, the measures of delaying the resumption of work and school or travel restrictions mainly had a positive moderating effect on public emotion, while traffic restrictions or community containment had a negative moderating effect on public emotion. Conclusions Findings provide a reference point for the adoption of epidemic prevention and control measures, and are considered helpful for government agencies to take timely actions to alleviate negative emotions during public health emergencies.
Lining Shen; Rui Yao; Wenli Zhang; Richard Evans; Guang Cao; Zhiguo Zhang. Emotional Attitudes of Chinese Citizens on Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Analysis of Social Media Data. JMIR Medical Informatics 2021, 9, e27079 .
AMA StyleLining Shen, Rui Yao, Wenli Zhang, Richard Evans, Guang Cao, Zhiguo Zhang. Emotional Attitudes of Chinese Citizens on Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Analysis of Social Media Data. JMIR Medical Informatics. 2021; 9 (3):e27079.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLining Shen; Rui Yao; Wenli Zhang; Richard Evans; Guang Cao; Zhiguo Zhang. 2021. "Emotional Attitudes of Chinese Citizens on Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Analysis of Social Media Data." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 3: e27079.
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, growth in citizen engagement with social media platforms has enabled public health departments to accelerate and improve health information dissemination, developing transparency and trust between governments and citizens. In light of these benefits, it is imperative to learn the antecedents and underlying mechanisms for this to maintain and enhance engagement. Objective The aim of this study is to determine the factors and influencing mechanisms related to citizen engagement with the TikTok account of the National Health Commission of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using a web crawler, 355 short videos were collected from the Healthy China account on TikTok (with more than 3 million followers throughout China), covering the period from January 21, 2020, to April 25, 2020. The title and video length, as well as the number of likes, shares, and comments were collected for each video. After classifying them using content analysis, a series of negative binomial regression analyses were completed. Results Among the 355 videos, 154 (43.4%) related to guidance for clinicians, patients, and ordinary citizens, followed by information concerning the government’s handling of the pandemic (n=100, 28.2%), the latest news about COVID-19 (n=61, 17.2%), and appreciation toward frontline emergency services (n=40, 11.3%). Video length, titles, dialogic loop, and content type all influenced the level of citizen engagement. Specifically, video length was negatively associated with the number of likes (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.19, P<.001) and comments (IRR=0.39, P<.001). Title length was positively related to the number of shares (IRR=24.25, P=.01), likes (IRR=8.50, P=.03), and comments (IRR=7.85, P=.02). Dialogic loop negatively predicted the number of shares (IRR=0.56, P=.03). In comparison to appreciative information, information about the government’s handling of the situation (IRR=5.16, P<.001) and guidelines information (IRR=7.31, P<.001) were positively correlated with the number of shares, while the latest news was negatively related to the number of likes received (IRR=0.46, P=.004). More importantly, the relationship between predictors and citizen engagement was moderated by the emotional valence of video titles. Longer videos with positive titles received a higher number of likes (IRR=21.72, P=.04) and comments (IRR=10.14, P=.047). Furthermore, for short videos related to government handling of the pandemic (IRR=14.48, P=.04) and guidance for stakeholders (IRR=7.59, P=.04), positive titles received a greater number of shares. Videos related to the latest news (IRR=66.69, P=.04) received more likes if the video title displayed higher levels of positive emotion. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, videos were frequently published on government social media platforms. Video length, title, dialogic loop, and content type significantly influenced the level of citizen engagement. These relationships were moderated by the emotional valence of the video’s title. Our findings have implications for maintaining and enhancing citizen engagement via government social media.
Qiang Chen; Chen Min; Wei Zhang; Xiaoyue Ma; Richard Evans. Factors Driving Citizen Engagement With Government TikTok Accounts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Model Development and Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2021, 23, e21463 .
AMA StyleQiang Chen, Chen Min, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyue Ma, Richard Evans. Factors Driving Citizen Engagement With Government TikTok Accounts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Model Development and Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2021; 23 (2):e21463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Chen; Chen Min; Wei Zhang; Xiaoyue Ma; Richard Evans. 2021. "Factors Driving Citizen Engagement With Government TikTok Accounts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Model Development and Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 2: e21463.
BACKGROUND Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, imposed citywide lockdown measures on January 23, 2020. Neighboring cities in Hubei Province followed suit with the government enforcing social distancing measures to restrict the spread of the disease throughout the province. Few studies have examined the emotional attitudes of citizens as expressed on social media toward the imposed social distancing measures and the factors that affected their emotions. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was twofold. First, we aimed to detect the emotional attitudes of different groups of users on Sina Weibo toward the social distancing measures imposed by the People’s Government of Hubei Province. Second, the influencing factors of their emotions, as well as the impact of the imposed measures on users’ emotions, was studied. METHODS Sina Weibo, one of China’s largest social media platforms, was chosen as the primary data source. The time span of selected data was from January 21, 2020, to March 24, 2020, while analysis was completed in late June 2020. Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) was used to analyze users’ emotions, while logistic regression analysis was employed to explore the influence of explanatory variables on users’ emotions, such as age and spatial location. Further, the moderating effects of social distancing measures on the relationship between user characteristics and users’ emotions were assessed by observing the interaction effects between the measures and explanatory variables. RESULTS Based on the 63,169 comments obtained, we identified six topics of discussion—(1) delaying the resumption of work and school, (2) travel restrictions, (3) traffic restrictions, (4) extending the Lunar New Year holiday, (5) closing public spaces, and (6) community containment. There was no multicollinearity in the data during statistical analysis; the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit was 0.24 (χ28=10.34, P>.24). The main emotions shown by citizens were negative, including anger and fear. Users located in Hubei Province showed the highest amount of negative emotions in Mainland China. There are statistically significant differences in the distribution of emotional polarity between social distancing measures (χ220=19,084.73, P<.001), as well as emotional polarity between genders (χ24=1784.59, P<.001) and emotional polarity between spatial locations (χ24=1659.67, P<.001). Compared with other types of social distancing measures, the measures of delaying the resumption of work and school or travel restrictions mainly had a positive moderating effect on public emotion, while traffic restrictions or community containment had a negative moderating effect on public emotion. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide a reference point for the adoption of epidemic prevention and control measures, and are considered helpful for government agencies to take timely actions to alleviate negative emotions during public health emergencies.
Lining Shen; Rui Yao; Wenli Zhang; Richard Evans; Guang Cao; Zhiguo Zhang. Emotional Attitudes of Chinese Citizens on Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Analysis of Social Media Data (Preprint). 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLining Shen, Rui Yao, Wenli Zhang, Richard Evans, Guang Cao, Zhiguo Zhang. Emotional Attitudes of Chinese Citizens on Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Analysis of Social Media Data (Preprint). . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLining Shen; Rui Yao; Wenli Zhang; Richard Evans; Guang Cao; Zhiguo Zhang. 2021. "Emotional Attitudes of Chinese Citizens on Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Analysis of Social Media Data (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
BACKGROUND In late December 2019, Wuhan Municipal Health Commission reported the first cases of SARS-CoV-2, the underlying virus that caused the devastating outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19). On 23 January 2020, the government of Wuhan announced a city-wide lockdown with the aim of controlling the spread of the virus. With outbreaks of COVID-19 around the world, lockdown restrictions are routinely imposed to limit the spread of the virus and reduce the strain on healthcare services. During periods of lockdown, social media has become the main channel for citizens to exchange information and communicate with friends and family. Public emotions and opinions are being generated and shared rapidly online with citizens using internet platforms to reduce anxiety and stress, and stay connected while isolated. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the regularity of emotional evolution by examining public emotions expressed in online discussions during the lockdown of Wuhan in January 2020. We divide the lockdown into different phases and analyze the distribution of emotions against different dimensions. Further, the temporal evolution of emotion and the topic-based emotional distribution during each phase of the Wuhan lockdown is determined. METHODS Data related to the Wuhan lockdown was collected from Sina Weibo, the most active microblogging site in China, by web crawler. In this study, the Ortony, Clore, and Collins (OCC) model, Word2Vec, and Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory model were employed to determine emotional types, train vectorization of words, and identify each text emotion for the training set. Latent Dirichlet Allocation models were also employed to mine the various topic categories found in each phase, while topic emotional evolution was visualized. RESULTS Based on the OCC model, seven types of emotions were categorized to describe emotional distribution during the Wuhan lockdown: admiration, hope, joy, neutral, fear, reproach, and distress. Among these, admiration and reproach held the largest proportions of emotional expression. Further, expressions of emotion were significantly related to users’ gender, location, and whether or not their account was verified. The lockdown was divided into five phases, incubation phase, explosive phase, declining phase, stable phase, and unblocked phase, which showed citizens emotions transition from reproach and fear, through reproach and admiration, hope and admiration, to reproach and admiration, then to joy and admiration. Admiration and joy increased while fear declined. There were statistically significant correlations between different emotions within the subtle emotional categories. The topics showed that public attitudes towards the lockdown gradually improved. In addition, emotional evolution was influenced by topics, but not limited to them. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed insights into public emotions expressed on Sina Weibo during the lockdown of Wuhan in January 2020. Seven emotion categories were determined, providing governments with greater appreciation of citizen emotions to support them and develop appropriate policies to minimize stress and anxiety. The responses of the government of Wuhan were found to comfort citizens during lockdown which can be used as best practice or a case for other countries and regions affected by COVID-19 outbreaks. In addition, emergency agencies should pay continuous attention to citizens lives and psychological status post-pandemic.
Lining Shen; Guang Cao; Richard Evans; Qiqing Bi; Rui Yao; Wenli Zhang; Wenjing Huang. Locked down in Wuhan: Exploring the evolution of public emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleLining Shen, Guang Cao, Richard Evans, Qiqing Bi, Rui Yao, Wenli Zhang, Wenjing Huang. Locked down in Wuhan: Exploring the evolution of public emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLining Shen; Guang Cao; Richard Evans; Qiqing Bi; Rui Yao; Wenli Zhang; Wenjing Huang. 2020. "Locked down in Wuhan: Exploring the evolution of public emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health crisis that is affecting economies and societies worldwide. During times of uncertainty and unexpected change, people have turned to social media platforms as communication tools and primary information sources. Platforms such as Twitter and Sina Weibo have allowed communities to share discussion and emotional support; they also play important roles for individuals, governments, and organizations in exchanging information and expressing opinions. However, research that studies the main concerns expressed by social media users during the pandemic is limited. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the main concerns raised and discussed by citizens on Sina Weibo, the largest social media platform in China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used a web crawler tool and a set of predefined search terms (New Coronavirus Pneumonia, New Coronavirus, and COVID-19) to investigate concerns raised by Sina Weibo users. Textual information and metadata (number of likes, comments, retweets, publishing time, and publishing location) of microblog posts published between December 1, 2019, and July 32, 2020, were collected. After segmenting the words of the collected text, we used a topic modeling technique, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), to identify the most common topics posted by users. We analyzed the emotional tendencies of the topics, calculated the proportional distribution of the topics, performed user behavior analysis on the topics using data collected from the number of likes, comments, and retweets, and studied the changes in user concerns and differences in participation between citizens living in different regions of mainland China. Results Based on the 203,191 eligible microblog posts collected, we identified 17 topics and grouped them into 8 themes. These topics were pandemic statistics, domestic epidemic, epidemics in other countries worldwide, COVID-19 treatments, medical resources, economic shock, quarantine and investigation, patients’ outcry for help, work and production resumption, psychological influence, joint prevention and control, material donation, epidemics in neighboring countries, vaccine development, fueling and saluting antiepidemic action, detection, and study resumption. The mean sentiment was positive for 11 topics and negative for 6 topics. The topic with the highest mean of retweets was domestic epidemic, while the topic with the highest mean of likes was quarantine and investigation. Conclusions Concerns expressed by social media users are highly correlated with the evolution of the global pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media has provided a platform for Chinese government departments and organizations to better understand public concerns and demands. Similarly, social media has provided channels to disseminate information about epidemic prevention and has influenced public attitudes and behaviors. Government departments, especially those related to health, can create appropriate policies in a timely manner through monitoring social media platforms to guide public opinion and behavior during epidemics.
Junze Wang; Ying Zhou; Wei Zhang; Richard Evans; Chengyan Zhu. Concerns Expressed by Chinese Social Media Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Microblogging Data. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22, e22152 .
AMA StyleJunze Wang, Ying Zhou, Wei Zhang, Richard Evans, Chengyan Zhu. Concerns Expressed by Chinese Social Media Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Microblogging Data. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 22 (11):e22152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunze Wang; Ying Zhou; Wei Zhang; Richard Evans; Chengyan Zhu. 2020. "Concerns Expressed by Chinese Social Media Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Microblogging Data." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11: e22152.
Purpose The use of consumer credit by Chinese citizens has risen rapidly in the Internet era. The purpose of this paper is to predict a mechanism for credit consumption through Internet usage, with social comparison and materialism as mediators. Four types of Internet usage (social use, entertainment use, informational use, and online shopping) were identified to investigate whether different types of Internet usage influence credit consumption differently and whether the influencing mechanisms vary. Design/methodology/approach A structured online survey involving 558 valid responses from Chinese college students was completed, with structural equation modeling being applied to analyze the collected data. Findings Among the four types of Internet activities, online shopping was found to be the most significant predictor of credit consumption; results show that it influences credit consumption through two indirect pathways: materialism and a combination of social comparison and materialism. Social use was found to only affect credit consumption through materialism. In contrast, the influences of both informational use and entertainment use on credit consumption were insignificant. Originality/value By testing the concurrent mediating effects of social comparison and materialism, this study broadens our understanding of how Internet usage and credit consumption are connected. While most studies empirically test overall Internet usage and focus on direct relationships, we identify four types of Internet activities and demonstrate the mechanisms by which different types of Internet usage influence credit consumption, and how consumption varies based on Internet activity.
Xiaowen Zhu; Wei Ren; Qiang Chen; Richard Evans. How does internet usage affect the credit consumption among Chinese college students? A mediation model of social comparison and materialism. Internet Research 2020, 31, 1083 -1101.
AMA StyleXiaowen Zhu, Wei Ren, Qiang Chen, Richard Evans. How does internet usage affect the credit consumption among Chinese college students? A mediation model of social comparison and materialism. Internet Research. 2020; 31 (3):1083-1101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaowen Zhu; Wei Ren; Qiang Chen; Richard Evans. 2020. "How does internet usage affect the credit consumption among Chinese college students? A mediation model of social comparison and materialism." Internet Research 31, no. 3: 1083-1101.
This paper reports on the design and development of a Behavior Change Intervention (BCI) device and service provision aimed at supporting the personal hydration habits of the UK’s National Health Service (NHS) ward-based nurses. A conceptual solution is proposed that has been developed using an iterative design process, following an adapted version of the double-diamond approach, over a seven-month time period from 11 October 2019–13 May 2020. The research was completed in collaboration with the Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom. A thematic review of related literature was completed to identify key research questions. Consultation with a senior long-serving NHS nurse and a real-time observation study was completed in an NHS ward to answer these questions within the research scope. Collected data were analyzed and insights into the behaviors of nurses and the contextual factors influencing them were provided. Reusable BCI devices and a habit formation program, incorporating a smart fob watch and water station, are proposed inside of a cradle-to-cradle system. Finally, the parameters of the developed solution are defined, and the device and user experience are visualized using computer renders and storyboards. Aspects of the device functionality and feasibility have been proven and visualized using graphic devices, and their use for data collection to inform healthcare management and improvements is discussed.
Owen Purvis; Richard Evans. A Behavioral Change Intervention System to Support the Hydration Habits of Nurses in Hospital Wards. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9391 .
AMA StyleOwen Purvis, Richard Evans. A Behavioral Change Intervention System to Support the Hydration Habits of Nurses in Hospital Wards. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOwen Purvis; Richard Evans. 2020. "A Behavioral Change Intervention System to Support the Hydration Habits of Nurses in Hospital Wards." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9391.
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) provides stabilization support for the back and forth motion of the knee joint. ACL ruptures account for 50% of all sports-related knee injuries with approximately 76.6% of them requiring reconstructive surgery, necessitating long-term patient rehabilitation. Compliance with rehabilitation management programs, following ACL reconstruction, is fundamental for the successful restoration of the knee’s kinematics and reducing the risk of secondary osteoarthritis. Existing recovery programs are often paper-based and require patients to perform exercises at home, unsupervised, resulting in a low level of self-efficacy; by promoting self-efficacy in home-based settings, rehabilitation outcomes can improve. This paper reports the design development of the Sana system, a mobile and wearable application that adopts behavioral design principles and gamification theory to improve long-term post-operative outcomes for ACL reconstruction recovery. A feasibility study was conducted from 15 October 2019–13 May 2020, employing the double diamond framework and a human-centered design approach (BS EN ISO 9241-210: 2019). Eighteen participants were recruited, including eight domain experts (in fields such as user experience design, human factors, and physiotherapy), and ten representative users who had undergone long-term rehabilitation for musculoskeletal injuries.
Tanaka Kungwengwe; Richard Evans. Sana: A Gamified Rehabilitation Management System for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Recovery. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4868 .
AMA StyleTanaka Kungwengwe, Richard Evans. Sana: A Gamified Rehabilitation Management System for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Recovery. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (14):4868.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTanaka Kungwengwe; Richard Evans. 2020. "Sana: A Gamified Rehabilitation Management System for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Recovery." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14: 4868.
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health crisis that is affecting economies and societies worldwide. During times of uncertainty and unexpected change, people have turned to social media platforms as communication tools and primary information sources. Platforms such as Twitter and Sina Weibo have allowed communities to share discussion and emotional support; they also play important roles for individuals, governments, and organizations in exchanging information and expressing opinions. However, research that studies the main concerns expressed by social media users during the pandemic is limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the main concerns raised and discussed by citizens on Sina Weibo, the largest social media platform in China, during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We used a web crawler tool and a set of predefined search terms (New Coronavirus Pneumonia, New Coronavirus, and COVID-19) to investigate concerns raised by Sina Weibo users. Textual information and metadata (number of likes, comments, retweets, publishing time, and publishing location) of microblog posts published between December 1, 2019, and July 32, 2020, were collected. After segmenting the words of the collected text, we used a topic modeling technique, latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), to identify the most common topics posted by users. We analyzed the emotional tendencies of the topics, calculated the proportional distribution of the topics, performed user behavior analysis on the topics using data collected from the number of likes, comments, and retweets, and studied the changes in user concerns and differences in participation between citizens living in different regions of mainland China. RESULTS Based on the 203,191 eligible microblog posts collected, we identified 17 topics and grouped them into 8 themes. These topics were pandemic statistics, domestic epidemic, epidemics in other countries worldwide, COVID-19 treatments, medical resources, economic shock, quarantine and investigation, patients’ outcry for help, work and production resumption, psychological influence, joint prevention and control, material donation, epidemics in neighboring countries, vaccine development, fueling and saluting antiepidemic action, detection, and study resumption. The mean sentiment was positive for 11 topics and negative for 6 topics. The topic with the highest mean of retweets was domestic epidemic, while the topic with the highest mean of likes was quarantine and investigation. CONCLUSIONS Concerns expressed by social media users are highly correlated with the evolution of the global pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, social media has provided a platform for Chinese government departments and organizations to better understand public concerns and demands. Similarly, social media has provided channels to disseminate information about epidemic prevention and has influenced public attitudes and behaviors. Government departments, especially those related to health, can create appropriate policies in a timely manner through monitoring social media platforms to guide public opinion and behavior during epidemics.
Junze Wang; Ying Zhou; Wei Zhang; Richard Evans; Chengyan Zhu. Concerns Expressed by Chinese Social Media Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Microblogging Data (Preprint). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJunze Wang, Ying Zhou, Wei Zhang, Richard Evans, Chengyan Zhu. Concerns Expressed by Chinese Social Media Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Microblogging Data (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunze Wang; Ying Zhou; Wei Zhang; Richard Evans; Chengyan Zhu. 2020. "Concerns Expressed by Chinese Social Media Users During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis of Sina Weibo Microblogging Data (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
PurposeIn China, healthcare services have historically been expensive and difficult to access, with resources being unfairly distributed, often being centralized in large hospitals in major cities. In rural regions, hospitals often suffer from limited supplies, including human capital and equipment. E-health technologies have received significant attention from governments and citizens, with online healthcare communities (OHCs) providing easier communication between patients and doctors. Although doctors play a pivotal role in the success of OHCs, they are often unsure how to attract patients, with limited research focusing on this. The purpose of this paper is to explore how doctors can take initiatives in OHCs, from the joint perspectives of individual effort (i.e. intrapersonal factor) and identity in medical teams (MTs) (i.e. interpersonal factor), based on attribution theory.Design/methodology/approachHierarchical linear regression was conducted on data from 3,170 doctors participating in 865 online MTs, to examine the effects of individual effort and identity in MTs on individual performance. Individual effort included central effort (log-in frequency to OHC) and peripheral effort (articles published on doctors' homepages). Identity in MTs was represented as the identity of team leader and multiple team membership (MTM).FindingsThis study found that the main variables – central and peripheral effort, and leader and MTM identity – all had significant and positive impacts on the service quantity (SQ) of both written and telephone consultations. Although positive effects could be experienced in most conditions that were congruent with the logic of identity theory, the interaction terms demonstrated complex influences. Specifically, leader identity did not moderate the effect of article effort in written consultation, while MTM identity could not moderate the relationship between frequency effort and SQ in telephone-consultation services. Further, the leader identity negatively moderated the relationship between article effort and SQ in telephone consultations. Thus, for doctors with the leader identity, the impact of article effort on SQ was weaker. In summary, both aspects were proved to play important roles in individual SQ.Practical implicationsThis study provides empirical findings through focusing on the SQ of both written and telephone consultations in OHCs, thereby enabling healthcare providers to take initiatives and ultimately improve the efficiency and provision of delivered healthcare services. It is worth mentioning that doctors possessing the identity of team leader should be cautious that the more articles published by them may not lead to envisaged telephone-consultation performance, according to the negative moderating effect of leader identity on the relationship between article effort and SQ during telephone consultations.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the OHC literature by investigating how doctors' efforts and identity in OHCs affect individual performance, based on attribution theory and identity theory. Further, we provide healthcare practitioners with an improved understanding of these dimensions to improve autonomy regarding service provision in OHCs.
Jiaying Li; Zhaohua Deng; Richard Evans; Shan Liu; Hong Wu. How doctors take initiatives in online healthcare communities. Industrial Management & Data Systems 2020, 120, 1401 -1420.
AMA StyleJiaying Li, Zhaohua Deng, Richard Evans, Shan Liu, Hong Wu. How doctors take initiatives in online healthcare communities. Industrial Management & Data Systems. 2020; 120 (7):1401-1420.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaying Li; Zhaohua Deng; Richard Evans; Shan Liu; Hong Wu. 2020. "How doctors take initiatives in online healthcare communities." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 7: 1401-1420.
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, growth in citizen engagement with social media platforms has enabled public health departments to accelerate and improve health information dissemination, developing transparency and trust between governments and citizens. In light of these benefits, it is imperative to learn the antecedents and underlying mechanisms for this to maintain and enhance engagement. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the factors and influencing mechanisms related to citizen engagement with the TikTok account of the National Health Commission of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Using a web crawler, 355 short videos were collected from the Healthy China account on TikTok (with more than 3 million followers throughout China), covering the period from January 21, 2020, to April 25, 2020. The title and video length, as well as the number of likes, shares, and comments were collected for each video. After classifying them using content analysis, a series of negative binomial regression analyses were completed. RESULTS Among the 355 videos, 154 (43.4%) related to guidance for clinicians, patients, and ordinary citizens, followed by information concerning the government’s handling of the pandemic (n=100, 28.2%), the latest news about COVID-19 (n=61, 17.2%), and appreciation toward frontline emergency services (n=40, 11.3%). Video length, titles, dialogic loop, and content type all influenced the level of citizen engagement. Specifically, video length was negatively associated with the number of likes (incidence rate ratio [IRR]=0.19, P<.001) and comments (IRR=0.39, P<.001). Title length was positively related to the number of shares (IRR=24.25, P=.01), likes (IRR=8.50, P=.03), and comments (IRR=7.85, P=.02). Dialogic loop negatively predicted the number of shares (IRR=0.56, P=.03). In comparison to appreciative information, information about the government’s handling of the situation (IRR=5.16, P<.001) and guidelines information (IRR=7.31, P<.001) were positively correlated with the number of shares, while the latest news was negatively related to the number of likes received (IRR=0.46, P=.004). More importantly, the relationship between predictors and citizen engagement was moderated by the emotional valence of video titles. Longer videos with positive titles received a higher number of likes (IRR=21.72, P=.04) and comments (IRR=10.14, P=.047). Furthermore, for short videos related to government handling of the pandemic (IRR=14.48, P=.04) and guidance for stakeholders (IRR=7.59, P=.04), positive titles received a greater number of shares. Videos related to the latest news (IRR=66.69, P=.04) received more likes if the video title displayed higher levels of positive emotion. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, videos were frequently published on government social media platforms. Video length, title, dialogic loop, and content type significantly influenced the level of citizen engagement. These relationships were moderated by the emotional valence of the video’s title. Our findings have implications for maintaining and enhancing citizen engagement via government social media.
Qiang Chen; Chen Min; Wei Zhang; Xiaoyue Ma; Richard Evans. Factors Driving Citizen Engagement With Government TikTok Accounts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Model Development and Analysis (Preprint). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleQiang Chen, Chen Min, Wei Zhang, Xiaoyue Ma, Richard Evans. Factors Driving Citizen Engagement With Government TikTok Accounts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Model Development and Analysis (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Chen; Chen Min; Wei Zhang; Xiaoyue Ma; Richard Evans. 2020. "Factors Driving Citizen Engagement With Government TikTok Accounts During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Model Development and Analysis (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
Background There are more than 6000 rare diseases in existence today, with the number of patients with these conditions rapidly increasing. Most research to date has focused on the diagnosis, treatment, and development of orphan drugs, while few studies have examined the topics and emotions expressed by patients living with rare diseases on social media platforms, especially in online health communities (OHCs). Objective This study aimed to determine the topic categorizations and sentiment polarity for albinism in a Chinese OHC, Baidu Tieba, using multiple methods. The OHC was deeply mined using topic mining, social network analysis, and sentiment polarity analysis. Through these methods, we determined the current situation of community construction, identifying the ongoing needs and problems experienced by people with albinism in their daily lives. Methods We used the albinism community on the Baidu Tieba platform as the data source in this study. Term frequency–inverse document frequency, latent dirichlet allocation models, and naive Bayes were employed to mine the various topic categories. Social network analysis, which was completed using the Gephi tool, was employed to analyze the evolution of the albinism community. Sentiment polarity analysis was performed using a long short-term memory algorithm. Results We identified 8 main topics discussed in the community: daily sharing, family, interpersonal communication, social life and security, medical care, occupation and education, beauty, and self-care. Among these topics, daily sharing represented the largest proportion of the discussions. From 2012 to 2019, the average degree and clustering coefficient of the albinism community continued to decline, while the network center transferred from core communities to core users. A total of 68.43% of the corpus was emotional, with 35.88% being positive and 32.55% negative. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of sentiment polarity between topics (P<.001). Negative emotions were twice as high as positive emotions in the social life and security topic. Conclusions The study reveals insights into the emotions expressed by people with albinism in the Chinese OHC, Baidu Tieba, providing health care practitioners with greater appreciation of the current emotional support needed by patients and the patient experience. Current OHCs do not exert enough influence due to limited effective organization and development. Health care sectors should take greater advantage of OHCs to support vulnerable patients with rare diseases to meet their evidence-based needs.
Qiqing Bi; Lining Shen; Richard Evans; Zhiguo Zhang; Shimin Wang; Wei Dai; Cui Liu. Determining the Topic Evolution and Sentiment Polarity for Albinism in a Chinese Online Health Community: Machine Learning and Social Network Analysis. JMIR Medical Informatics 2020, 8, e17813 .
AMA StyleQiqing Bi, Lining Shen, Richard Evans, Zhiguo Zhang, Shimin Wang, Wei Dai, Cui Liu. Determining the Topic Evolution and Sentiment Polarity for Albinism in a Chinese Online Health Community: Machine Learning and Social Network Analysis. JMIR Medical Informatics. 2020; 8 (5):e17813.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiqing Bi; Lining Shen; Richard Evans; Zhiguo Zhang; Shimin Wang; Wei Dai; Cui Liu. 2020. "Determining the Topic Evolution and Sentiment Polarity for Albinism in a Chinese Online Health Community: Machine Learning and Social Network Analysis." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 5: e17813.
Purpose Online medical teams (MTs), involving collaboration between remote healthcare workers, can provide comprehensive and rapid healthcare to patients. The growth in MTs is continuing, with popularity growing among doctors and patients, but some MTs disband, which could break the continuity of healthcare services provided. We aim to address this pressing issue by exploring the effects of team diversity and leadership types on team status (i.e. team disbandment (TD)). This paper systematically investigates the influences of team diversity, including separation, variety and disparity diversity and the effects of leadership types, including strong, equal and weak types. Design/methodology/approach A data set consisting 1,071 online MTs was collected from the Good Doctor website, a leading Chinese online health community (OHC), on January 10, 2018. The data captured included 206 teams which disbanded after 3 months collaboration. Logistic regression and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) were used to examine their effects. Findings The results show that variety diversity, related to departments, positively affects TD, but disparity diversity, referring to clinician titles, negatively affects TD. Separation diversity, in terms of team member attitudes, exerts a negligible influence on disbandment. Although strong and equal leadership types negatively influence TD, they are seen to strengthen the positive effect of variety diversity, suggesting stable structure combinations of strong or equal-type leadership and low department diversity, as well as the match of weak-type leadership and high department diversity. Originality/value This paper extends the current understanding of virtual teams and OHCs by examining the role of leadership types and team diversity, and their influencing role on team status. The pairwise combinations are obtained to effectively reduce the disbandment probability of medical teams operating in OHCs, which could help platform managers, team founders and those connected with MTs deal with the team-disbandment crisis, providing both theoretical and practical implications to healthcare providers and researchers alike.
Jiaying Li; Hong Wu; Zhaohua Deng; Richard David Evans; Ziying Hong; Shan Liu. Why online medical teams disband? The role of team diversity and leadership type. Information Technology & People 2020, 34, 1175 -1199.
AMA StyleJiaying Li, Hong Wu, Zhaohua Deng, Richard David Evans, Ziying Hong, Shan Liu. Why online medical teams disband? The role of team diversity and leadership type. Information Technology & People. 2020; 34 (3):1175-1199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaying Li; Hong Wu; Zhaohua Deng; Richard David Evans; Ziying Hong; Shan Liu. 2020. "Why online medical teams disband? The role of team diversity and leadership type." Information Technology & People 34, no. 3: 1175-1199.
In the Healthcare 4.0 era, recent breakthroughs in emerging and disruptive technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning and robotics, have significantly changed the way in which healthcare services are delivered to patients. Advancements in patient monitoring systems and wearable devices have created more powerful and flexible real-time remote patient observation. Healthcare provision has experienced remarkable improvements facilitated by cloud computing and wireless technologies, while wireless sensor networks now play an important role in mobile technologies for e-healthcare. In this paper, we propose a mobile-based healthcare system for the Healthcare 4.0 era. The proposed approach enables patients to self-authenticate, using their own mobile and wearable devices, establishing a session key between owned devices. After mutual authentication, the cloud server verifies each user. The security of the approach is described through the AVISPA tool. We analyze the embedded security and functionality which improves the healthcare system and calculate the relative communication and computation costs. Results show that the proposed approach provides greater security compared to other state-of-the-art schemes.
Jigna J. Hathaliya; Sudeep Tanwar; Richard Evans. Securing electronic healthcare records: A mobile-based biometric authentication approach. Journal of Information Security and Applications 2020, 53, 102528 .
AMA StyleJigna J. Hathaliya, Sudeep Tanwar, Richard Evans. Securing electronic healthcare records: A mobile-based biometric authentication approach. Journal of Information Security and Applications. 2020; 53 ():102528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJigna J. Hathaliya; Sudeep Tanwar; Richard Evans. 2020. "Securing electronic healthcare records: A mobile-based biometric authentication approach." Journal of Information Security and Applications 53, no. : 102528.
Background Since the early 1970s, health care provision has experienced rapid growth in the investment and adoption of health information technologies (HITs). However, the development and deployment of HITs has often been conducted in silos, at different organizational levels, within different regions, and in various health care settings; this has resulted in their infrastructures often being difficult to manage or integrate. Health information standards (ie, the set norms and requirements that underpin the deployment of HITs in health care settings) are expected to address these issues, yet their adoption remains to be frustratingly low among health care information technology vendors. Objective This study aimed to synthesize a comprehensive framework of factors that affect the adoption and deployment of health information standards by health care organizations. Methods First, electronic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, were searched for relevant articles, with the results being exported to the EndNote reference management software. Second, study selection was conducted according to pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Finally, a synthesized best fit framework was created, which integrated a thematic analysis of the included articles. Results In total, 35 records were incorporated into the synthesized framework, with 4 dimensions being identified: technology, organization, environment, and interorganizational relationships. The technology dimension included relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, observability, switching cost, standards uncertainty, and shared business process attributes. The organization dimension included organizational scale, organizational culture, staff resistance to change, staff training, top management support, and organizational readiness. The environment dimension included external pressure, external support, network externality, installed base, and information communication. Finally, the interorganizational relationships dimension included partner trust, partner dependence, relationship commitment, and partner power. Conclusions The synthesized framework presented in this paper extends the current understanding of the factors that influence the adoption of health information standards in health care organizations. It provides policy and decision makers with a greater awareness of factors that hinder or facilitate their adoption, enabling better judgement and development of adoption intervention strategies. Furthermore, suggestions for future research are provided.
Udita Taneja; Yuji Tani; Atae Rezaei Aghdam; Lu Han; Jing Liu; Richard Evans; Yang Song; Jingdong Ma. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Health Information Standards in Health Care Organizations: A Systematic Review Based on Best Fit Framework Synthesis. JMIR Medical Informatics 2020, 8, e17334 .
AMA StyleUdita Taneja, Yuji Tani, Atae Rezaei Aghdam, Lu Han, Jing Liu, Richard Evans, Yang Song, Jingdong Ma. Factors Influencing the Adoption of Health Information Standards in Health Care Organizations: A Systematic Review Based on Best Fit Framework Synthesis. JMIR Medical Informatics. 2020; 8 (5):e17334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUdita Taneja; Yuji Tani; Atae Rezaei Aghdam; Lu Han; Jing Liu; Richard Evans; Yang Song; Jingdong Ma. 2020. "Factors Influencing the Adoption of Health Information Standards in Health Care Organizations: A Systematic Review Based on Best Fit Framework Synthesis." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 5: e17334.
Background Since the turn of this century, the internet has become an invaluable resource for people seeking health information and answers to health-related queries. Health question and answer websites have grown in popularity in recent years as a means for patients to obtain health information from medical professionals. For patients suffering from chronic illnesses, it is vital that health care providers become better acquainted with patients’ information needs and learn how they express them in text format. Objective The aims of this study were to: (1) explore whether patients can accurately and adequately express their information needs on health question and answer websites, (2) identify what types of problems are of most concern to those suffering from chronic illnesses, and (3) determine the relationship between question characteristics and the number of answers received. Methods Questions were collected from a leading Chinese health question and answer website called “All questions will be answered” in January 2018. We focused on questions relating to diabetes and hepatitis, including those that were free and those that were financially rewarded. Content analysis was completed on a total of 7068 (diabetes) and 6685 (hepatitis) textual questions. Correlations between the characteristics of questions (number of words per question, value of reward) and the number of answers received were evaluated using linear regression analysis. Results The majority of patients are able to accurately express their problem in text format, while some patients may require minor social support. The questions posted were related to three main topics: (1) prevention and examination, (2) diagnosis, and (3) treatment. Patients with diabetes were most concerned with the treatment received, whereas patients with hepatitis focused on the diagnosis results. The number of words per question and the value of the reward were negatively correlated with the number of answers. The number of words per question and the value of the reward were negatively correlated with the number of answers. Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into the ability of patients suffering from chronic illnesses to make an understandable request on health question and answer websites. Health topics relating to diabetes and hepatitis were classified to address the health information needs of chronically ill patients. Furthermore, identification of the factors affecting the number of answers received per question can help users of these websites to better frame their questions to obtain more valuable answers.
Ziying Hong; Zhaohua Deng; Richard Evans; Haiyan Wu. Patient Questions and Physician Responses in a Chinese Health Q&A Website: Content Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2020, 22, e13071 .
AMA StyleZiying Hong, Zhaohua Deng, Richard Evans, Haiyan Wu. Patient Questions and Physician Responses in a Chinese Health Q&A Website: Content Analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020; 22 (4):e13071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiying Hong; Zhaohua Deng; Richard Evans; Haiyan Wu. 2020. "Patient Questions and Physician Responses in a Chinese Health Q&A Website: Content Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 4: e13071.
During times of public crises, governments must act swiftly to communicate crisis information effectively and efficiently to members of the public; failure to do so will inevitably lead citizens to become fearful, uncertain and anxious in the prevailing conditions. This pioneering study systematically investigates how Chinese central government agencies used social media to promote citizen engagement during the COVID-19 crisis. Using data scraped from ‘Healthy China’, an official Sina Weibo account of the National Health Commission of China, we examine how citizen engagement relates to a series of theoretically relevant factors, including media richness, dialogic loop, content type and emotional valence. Results show that media richness negatively predicts citizen engagement through government social media, but dialogic loop facilitates engagement. Information relating to the latest news about the crisis and the government's handling of the event positively affects citizen engagement through government social media. Importantly, all relationships were contingent upon the emotional valence of each Weibo post.
Qiang Chena; Chen Min; Wei Zhangd; Ge Wange; Xiaoyue Maa; Richard Evansf. Unpacking the black box: How to promote citizen engagement through government social media during the COVID-19 crisis. Computers in Human Behavior 2020, 110, 106380 .
AMA StyleQiang Chena, Chen Min, Wei Zhangd, Ge Wange, Xiaoyue Maa, Richard Evansf. Unpacking the black box: How to promote citizen engagement through government social media during the COVID-19 crisis. Computers in Human Behavior. 2020; 110 ():106380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiang Chena; Chen Min; Wei Zhangd; Ge Wange; Xiaoyue Maa; Richard Evansf. 2020. "Unpacking the black box: How to promote citizen engagement through government social media during the COVID-19 crisis." Computers in Human Behavior 110, no. : 106380.
BACKGROUND Hospital information systems have been widely adopted across China, in recent years, significantly changing the way in which hospitals manage their processes and patient visits. Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients (IGSP), which resemble humanoid characteristics using Artificial Intelligence (AI), assist patients in navigating hospital visits, obtaining medical guidance, consultation, and other medical services. Despite their widespread adoption in tertiary transfer hospitals in China, usability studies on such systems are scarce. To date, there is no practical or standardized measurement of system usability, leading to difficult inspection, maintenance and servicing processes. OBJECTIVE IGSP can improve user experiences pre, during and post hospital visits. This study aims to determine the usability deficiency of IGSP and understand how various factors influence users’ satisfaction during use. METHODS Employing the requirements set out in the ISO9214-11:2018 standard, two inspection methods were used with 3 experts and 360 recruited end-users. First, the Heuristic evaluation method was employed to detect usability problems and to demonstrate any violations of Nielsen’s 10 heuristic principles. Second, the System Usability Scale (SUS) was applied to evaluate participants’ satisfaction towards IGSP. Finally, analysis of variance tests and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to establish correlations between user satisfaction and various characteristics. RESULTS A total of 78 problems violated the heuristic principles for 169 times. These problems were divided into five categories: voice interaction, in-hospital navigation, medical consultation, interactive interface design, and miscellaneous. The average SUS score for IGSP was 72.8 (SD 14.69), indicating a good usability level. User satisfaction scores differed among hospitals (F=3.513, P=.031), age of user (F=6.010, P=.000), and smartphone usage time (F=4.781, P=.000). The multiple linear regression model reflected participants’ education level (t=-2.41, p= .016) and gender (t=-2.080, p=.038), while medical industry (t=-2.074, p=0.039) had a negative effect on user satisfaction scores. Conversely, daily smartphone usage times (t= 2.470, p=.014) helped to increase user satisfaction scores. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that IGSP can improve user experiences during interaction between patient and hospital. However, system usability deficiencies did exist; some of which must be addressed. Our findings are considered conducive to tertiary transfer hospitals in developing user-friendly IGSP for improving patient experiences. Tertiary hospitals should take full advantage of IGSP to help reduce waiting times and meet the various needs of patients pre, during and post hospital visit. User-centered conception should be integrated into the process of design and modification of IGSP.
Hengkui Cao; Qiqing Bi; Richard Evans; Lining Shen. Barriers and Enablers which Affect the Implementation of Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients in Chinese Tertiary Transfer Hospitals: Usability Evaluation (Preprint). 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleHengkui Cao, Qiqing Bi, Richard Evans, Lining Shen. Barriers and Enablers which Affect the Implementation of Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients in Chinese Tertiary Transfer Hospitals: Usability Evaluation (Preprint). . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHengkui Cao; Qiqing Bi; Richard Evans; Lining Shen. 2020. "Barriers and Enablers which Affect the Implementation of Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients in Chinese Tertiary Transfer Hospitals: Usability Evaluation (Preprint)." , no. : 1.
Journal of Medical Internet Research - International Scientific Journal for Medical Research, Information and Communication on the Internet #Preprint #PeerReviewMe: Warning: This is a unreviewed preprint. Readers are warned that the document has not been peer-reviewed by expert/patient reviewers or an academic editor, may contain misleading claims, and is likely to undergo changes before final publication, if accepted, or may have been rejected/withdrawn. Readers with interest and expertise are encouraged to sign up as peer-reviewer, if the paper is within an open peer-review period. Please cite this preprint only for review purposes or for grant applications and CVs (if you are the author). Background: Since the early 2000s, information systems have been widely adopted across hospitals in China, changing the way in which processes are managed and improving the experiences had by visitors. Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients (IGSP), which resemble humanoid characteristics using Artificial Intelligence (AI), assist patients in wayfinding, obtaining medical guidance, consultation and other medical services. Despite their widespread use in tertiary transfer hospitals, usability studies on such systems are scarce. To date, there is no practical or standardized measurement for system usability, leading to difficult inspection, maintenance and servicing processes. Objective: IGSP can improve user experiences pre, during and post hospital visits. This study aims to determine the usability deficiency of IGSP and understand how various factors influence user satisfaction during their use. Methods: Employing the requirements set out in the ISO9241-11:2018 standard, two inspection methods were used with 3 experts and 360 recruited end-users. First, the Heuristic evaluation method was employed to detect usability problems and to demonstrate any violations of Nielsen’s 10 heuristic principles. Second, the System Usability Scale (SUS) was applied to evaluate participants’ satisfaction towards IGSP. Finally, analysis of variance tests and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to establish correlations between user satisfaction and various characteristics. Results: A total of 78 problems violated the heuristic principles 169 times. These problems were divided into five categories: voice interaction, in-hospital navigation, medical consultation, interactive interface design and miscellaneous. The average SUS score for IGSP was 72.8 (SD 14.69), indicating a good usability level. User satisfaction scores differed among hospitals (F=3.513, P=.031), age of user (F=6.010, P<.001), and smartphone usage time (F=4.781, PP<0.001). The multiple linear regression model reflected participants’ education level (t=-2.41, p= .016) and gender (t=-2.080, p=.038), while medical industry (t=-2.074, p=0.039) had a negative effect on user satisfaction scores. Conversely, daily smartphone usage times (t= 2.470, p=.014) helped increase user satisfaction scores. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that IGSP can improve user experiences during hospital visits. However, system usability deficiencies did exist; some of which must be addressed. Our findings are considered conducive to tertiary transfer hospitals in developing user-friendly IGSP for improving patient experiences. Tertiary hospitals should take full advantage of IGSP to help reduce waiting times and meet the various needs of patients pre, during and post hospital visit. User-centered conception should be integrated into the design process and modification of IGSP.
Hengkui Cao; Zhiguo Zhang; Richard Evans; Wei Dai; Qiqing Bi; Zhichao Zhu; Lining Shen. Barriers and Enablers to the Implementation of Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients in Chinese Tertiary Transfer Hospitals: Usability Evaluation (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleHengkui Cao, Zhiguo Zhang, Richard Evans, Wei Dai, Qiqing Bi, Zhichao Zhu, Lining Shen. Barriers and Enablers to the Implementation of Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients in Chinese Tertiary Transfer Hospitals: Usability Evaluation (Preprint). JMIR Medical Informatics. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHengkui Cao; Zhiguo Zhang; Richard Evans; Wei Dai; Qiqing Bi; Zhichao Zhu; Lining Shen. 2020. "Barriers and Enablers to the Implementation of Intelligent Guidance Systems for Patients in Chinese Tertiary Transfer Hospitals: Usability Evaluation (Preprint)." JMIR Medical Informatics , no. : 1.