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Dr. Ozbay is a Professor and Extension Specialist of Natural Resources in the Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Delaware State University. She received her Ph.D. in Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures focusing on environmental health-related to aquaculture at Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama in 2002. She conducted research leading to the development of aquaculture effluent water quality standards for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as her Ph.D. project. She received her Master of Sciences in Marine Bio-Resources at the University of Maine, Orono, Maine in 1996. Her undergraduate education was in Fisheries and Aquaculture Engineering in Turkey, graduating in 1991. She also completed her second Master of Sciences in Food Science and Biotechnology focusing on seagood safety at Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware in 2016. Her research interests include habitat restoration, aquatic ecology, health, water resources, sustainable marine aquaculture, and fisheries, and seafood safety. The ecosystem approach in her research has allowed her to understand some of the land-use stressors such as nutrient runoff on the population ecology and restoration of two ecologically and economically important species, the blue crab and Eastern oyster, in the Mid-Atlantic region.
Oyster aquaculture is one of several methods for the restoration of Delaware Inland Bays; however, little is known about its potential impacts on the benthic community of the bays. In this study, water quality parameters were measured and polychaetes were collected from 24 sampling locations at Rehoboth, Indian River, and Little Assawoman Bays from July to October 2016 and 2017. We aimed to assess the impact of Eastern oyster farming under different stocking densities (50 and 250 oysters/gear) and distances away from the sites where the off-bottom gears are implemented (under gears, one meter, and five meters away). No significant impact was detected on polychaetes’ abundance and richness in regard to the presence of oyster gears. The number of polychaetes and species richness was significantly higher in Little Assawoman Bay in comparison to the Indian River and Rehoboth Bays. Results showed that the Ulva lactuca bloom that happened in 2016 could negatively impact the low abundance and richness observed in the polychaetes community. Similarly, the values of polychaetes abundance and species richness did not change significantly in samples that were taken far from the oyster gears. Dominant polychaetes families were Capitellidae and Glyceridae contributing to more than 70% of polychaetes’ number of individuals. Our results help to understand the role of oyster aquaculture in restoring the viability in the natural habitat of the Delaware Inland Bays.
Melanie Fuoco; Scott Borsum; Zohreh Kouhanestani; Gulnihal Ozbay. Benthic Community Assessment of Commercial Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Gear in Delaware Inland Bays. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6480 .
AMA StyleMelanie Fuoco, Scott Borsum, Zohreh Kouhanestani, Gulnihal Ozbay. Benthic Community Assessment of Commercial Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Gear in Delaware Inland Bays. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6480.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelanie Fuoco; Scott Borsum; Zohreh Kouhanestani; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2021. "Benthic Community Assessment of Commercial Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Gear in Delaware Inland Bays." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6480.
This research focuses on the efficiency of recommended heavy use area protection (HUAP) pads installed in poultry houses utilizing the Choptank River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay watershed is severely affected by crop agriculture and poultry feeding operations. Water quality degradation along with scarcity of water is a significant concern in this area, suggesting a need for changes in both environmental and groundwater management practices. Our objective in this study was to compare the efficiency of HUAP in reducing litter spillage and nutrient runoff between two poultry houses, one of which was constructed in 2005 and the other in 2009. The poultry house constructed in 2005 did not have HUAP pads initially; they were built in 2006. The poultry house built in 2009 had the pads from the starting point. We collected soil and water samples each month and analyzed them for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrate, nitrite, total nitrogen, phosphate, and other soil properties throughout the year. The pH of soil and water samples was in the range of 6.8–8.0 and 6.5–7.2, respectively. We collected six water samples in total in the ditch, from points at retention ponds near the farm ditch to sites in wooded areas on the farm. Water sample B (where ditch water meets retention pond water from the poultry farm) had the highest EC value and nitrate, nitrite, and total nitrogen concentrations compared with other water samples. The subsequent water samples downstream had reduced loads of nutrients. The study results suggest that there was a minimum carryover of nutrients from soil into the runoff water, storm ditches, and adjacent stream. There was also a minimal effect of house cleaning and storm events in raising the concentration of nutrients in soil and water samples at our study sites. The older poultry site had higher total nitrogen and phosphorous surrounding the pads, whereas no elevated levels of nutrients were identified at the newer site. The ability of HUAP pads to hold onto contaminates decreases with age and use. This study also shows that the impacts from poultry activities on surface and groundwater can be minimized by using management practices such as HUAP pads. These practices can reduce pollution in the farm, increase productivity, and save farmers and ranchers time and money in the long run.
Gulnihal Ozbay; Raju Khatiwada; Stacy Smith; Lathadevi Chintapenta. Efficacy of Heavy Use Area Protection (HUAP) Pads in Poultry Farm. Agriculture 2021, 11, 154 .
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay, Raju Khatiwada, Stacy Smith, Lathadevi Chintapenta. Efficacy of Heavy Use Area Protection (HUAP) Pads in Poultry Farm. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay; Raju Khatiwada; Stacy Smith; Lathadevi Chintapenta. 2021. "Efficacy of Heavy Use Area Protection (HUAP) Pads in Poultry Farm." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 154.
Remote-setting of oyster, Crassostrea virginica, larvae from the disease-resistant Haskin NEH line is performed every other year in Delaware to supply small-scale oyster enhancement efforts, citizen oyster gardening program. Over the past four remote sets (2009, 2011, 2013, 2015), three types of shell containment gear were utilized to monitor and compare the setting efficiency rate and post-set survival. Shell containment gears included diamond, plastic mesh bags (2009, 2011), wire baskets (2011, 2015), and plastic aquaculture trays (2013, 2015). Average setting efficiency was estimated at 28%, 23%, 17%, and 29% in the respective 2009, 2011, 2013, and 2015 remote sets while gear specific settling efficiency (%) include 28% for mesh bags in 2009, 22% for mesh bags and 33% for wire baskets in 2011, 17% for aquaculture trays in 2013, and 30% for aquaculture trays and 22% for wire baskets in 2015. Settling efficiency was lowest in 2013 using aquaculture trays compared to other years while aquaculture trays in 2015 and wire baskets in 2011 resulted equally higher settling efficiency. For small-scale growers, the stacked aquaculture trays are advantageous for several reasons: reducing handling time, uniform shell distribution within tanks, environmentally friendly alternative, and ease of cleaning detritus between shell layers.
Gulnihal Ozbay; Brian Reckenbeil; LaurieAnn Phalen. Remote set of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in various aquaculture gear. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 2020, 46, 397 -403.
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay, Brian Reckenbeil, LaurieAnn Phalen. Remote set of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in various aquaculture gear. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2020; 46 (4):397-403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay; Brian Reckenbeil; LaurieAnn Phalen. 2020. "Remote set of oyster (Crassostrea virginica) in various aquaculture gear." The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research 46, no. 4: 397-403.
This study identifiedVibrio parahaemolyticusin oyster and seawater samples collected from Delaware Bay from June through October of 2016. Environmental parameters including water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and chlorophyllawere measured per sampling event. Oysters homogenate and seawater samples were 10-fold serially diluted and directly plated on CHROMagarᵀᴹ Vibrio medium. PresumptiveV.parahaemolyticuscolonies were counted and at least 20% of these colonies were selected for molecular chracterization.V.parahaemolyticusisolates (n = 165) were screened for the presence of the species-specific thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) gene, the pathogenic thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh)/ thermostable related hemolysin (trh) genes, the regulatory transmembrane DNA-binding gene (toxR), andV.parahaemolyticusmetalloprotease (vpm) gene using a conventional PCR. The highest mean levels of the presumptiveV.parahaemolyticuswere 9.63×103CFU/g and 1.85×103CFU/mL in the oyster and seawater samples, respectively, during the month of July.V.parahaemolyticuslevels in oyster and seawater samples were significantly positively correlated with water temperature. Of the 165 isolates, 137 (83%), 110 (66.7%), and 108 (65%) weretlh +,vpm +, andtoxR +, respectively. Among theV.parahaemolyticus(tlh +) isolates, 7 (5.1%) and 15 (10.9%) weretdh + andtrh + , respectively, and 24 (17.5%), only oyster isolates, were positive for both genes. Potential pathogenic strains that possessedtdhand/ortrhwere notably higher in oyster (39%) than seawater (15.6%) isolates. The occurrence of totalV.parahaemolyticus(tlh +) was not necessarily proportional to the potential pathogenicV.parahaemolyticus. Co-occurrence of the five genetic markers were observed only among oyster isolates. The co-occurrence of the gene markers showed a relatedness potential oftdhoccurrence withvpm. We believe exploring the role ofV.parahaemolyticusmetalloprotease and whether it is involved in the toxic activity of the thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) protein can be of significance. The outcomes of this study will provide some foundation for future studies regarding pathogenicVibriodynamics in relation to environmental quality.
Esam Almuhaideb; Lathadevi K. Chintapenta; Amanda Abbott; Salina Parveen; Gulnihal Ozbay. Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0242229 .
AMA StyleEsam Almuhaideb, Lathadevi K. Chintapenta, Amanda Abbott, Salina Parveen, Gulnihal Ozbay. Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (12):e0242229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEsam Almuhaideb; Lathadevi K. Chintapenta; Amanda Abbott; Salina Parveen; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2020. "Assessment of Vibrio parahaemolyticus levels in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and seawater in Delaware Bay in relation to environmental conditions and the prevalence of molecular markers to identify pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12: e0242229.
Reduction in the amount of food loss and waste requires appropriate quantification method of the amount of food loss annually on the one hand and devising alternative use for foods that would otherwise end up as loss or waste. In this review, food loss and waste (FLW) were classified as avoidable, non-avoidable and possibly avoidable wastes based on inherent composition of several food categories. The current disposal methods of FLW were evaluated for its effectiveness and overall environmental impacts presented by landfills, composting and incineration. Alternative and sustainable alternative for management of food loss and waste include feedstocks for biofuel production, valuable chemicals and coproducts. This approach is renewable, environmentally friendly, improved social status through job creation for local communities and overall improved quality of life.
Shehu Isah; Gulnihal Ozbay. Valorization of Food Loss and Wastes: Feedstocks for Biofuels and Valuable Chemicals. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 2020, 4, 1 .
AMA StyleShehu Isah, Gulnihal Ozbay. Valorization of Food Loss and Wastes: Feedstocks for Biofuels and Valuable Chemicals. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 2020; 4 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShehu Isah; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2020. "Valorization of Food Loss and Wastes: Feedstocks for Biofuels and Valuable Chemicals." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 4, no. : 1.
Coastal areas are home to a wealth of economic and natural resources and are the most developed areas in the nation with fast increase in human population. Over 50% of the nation’s population resides in 17% of the contiguous U.S. coastal areas. It is critical that consideration be given to the impact humans have on these coastal ecosystems and to the methods which are currently being utilized to enhance and restore these coastal habitats. In this chapter, we compare the status of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in two east coast estuaries: the Delaware Inland Bays, Delaware and Apalachicola Bay, Florida. Many ecological services, which are provided by oysters, such as their filtration, benthic and pelagic coupling, and habitat forming characteristics, have been extensively studied and discussed. Many regional economies in the United States of which the harvest of Eastern oysters was a major component, struggled with the collapsed fishery due to habitat limitation, water quality, sedimentation, parasitic diseases and other land use impacts. In response to these issues, oyster aquaculture has grown and is now a major part of the working waterfront where traditional wild oyster populations used to thrive. Research focusing on the ecological effects of oysters farm-raised with commercial aquaculture equipment is becoming more prolific as the industry moves away from a wild harvest fishery to a cultivated product. The oyster fishery may be recouped if the demand for oysters is supplied with oysters from aquaculture operations. Our primary goal in this chapter is to increase awareness about the potential benefits and some of the challenges facing the increased presence of aquaculture in these estuary systems.
Gulnihal Ozbay; Stacy L. Smith. Are Aquaculture Practices Sustaining Our Goal to Restore Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)? Aquaculture - Plants and Invertebrates 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay, Stacy L. Smith. Are Aquaculture Practices Sustaining Our Goal to Restore Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)? Aquaculture - Plants and Invertebrates. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay; Stacy L. Smith. 2019. "Are Aquaculture Practices Sustaining Our Goal to Restore Oysters (Crassostrea virginica)?" Aquaculture - Plants and Invertebrates , no. : 1.
Blackbird Creek is the waterway that empties into the Delaware Bay. The lower 21 km of the creek has been shown to have appreciable salinity measurements, suggesting that this portion is influenced by tidal fluctuations. Fourteen sampling stations were established within this lateral range in order to examine the nutrient dynamics of the creek at various points in time. Our objective was to monitor potential changes in water quality conditions, especially on nutrients, in the creek during the day using the low and high tides as the predominating driver for the change. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and salinity were monitored bi-weekly at each station. Concentrations of dissolved nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), ammonia (NH3), orthophosphate (PO4), alkalinity (Alk), and turbidity (Tbd) were measured at each station over the course of the field season. Average concentrations were generally low for the nitrogen species: NH4 = 0.11 mgL−1, NO3 = 0.30 mgL−1, NO2 = 0.02 mgL−1. Average alkalinity (92 mgL−1 CaCO3) and turbidity (71 FTU) concentrations were appropriate given the nature of the marsh environment. The average PO4 concentration, however, was elevated (= 0.44 mgL−1). The EPA recommends values under 0.1 mgL−1 for this type of waterway. When considered separately, nutrient concentrations on outgoing tides were elevated relative to nutrient concentrations on incoming tides. Overall, the highest concentrations for all parameters occurred at low tide before the shift to the next incoming tide. This suggests that there are greater nutrient concentrations upstream than downstream. Given that land use in the Blackbird Creek watershed is primarily agricultural, it is likely that upstream pore water input from cropland is influencing the nutrient dynamics of the waterway. This information is key to understanding the efficiency of the riparian buffer system that has been established in the watershed and to allow for opportunities for improvement to mitigate nutrient runoff from agricultural fields.
Gulnihal Ozbay; Matthew Stone. Bi-Directional Waterway Reveals Nutrient Runoff From Cropland. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2018, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay, Matthew Stone. Bi-Directional Waterway Reveals Nutrient Runoff From Cropland. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2018; 6 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay; Matthew Stone. 2018. "Bi-Directional Waterway Reveals Nutrient Runoff From Cropland." Frontiers in Environmental Science 6, no. : 1.
Candida rugosa lipase is a food-grade enzyme that is extensively utilized in the dairy processing industry for milk fat hydrolysis. The enzyme is mainly employed to modify the fatty acid chain length that results in the enhancement of flavors. The hydrolytic activities of C. rugosa lipase (fungal source) in its free and immobilized forms were investigated at different pH and temperature settings. The main objective of this study was to understand how different support materials (Celite-545, Sephadex G-25, and chitosan) and immobilization techniques alter lipase activity and stability. Our results indicated that hydrolytic activity increased significantly with immobilization on Celite-545. In general, immobilization resulted in considerable improvements in the stability of the enzyme with variations in pH and temperature. Immobilization on Celite-545 led to the highest catalytic efficiency. Remarkable improvements in the recovery and reusability of the immobilized lipases were noted. Comparatively, the acetone immobilization procedure resulted in higher activities than alcohol immobilization. In conclusion, the activity of C. rugosa lipase was enhanced most significantly when immobilized on Celite-545 using acetone as an adsorption solvent.
Bhagya Sri Kaja; Stephen Lumor; Samuel Besong; Bettina Taylor; Gulnihal Ozbay. Investigating Enzyme Activity of Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase. Journal of Food Quality 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleBhagya Sri Kaja, Stephen Lumor, Samuel Besong, Bettina Taylor, Gulnihal Ozbay. Investigating Enzyme Activity of Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase. Journal of Food Quality. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBhagya Sri Kaja; Stephen Lumor; Samuel Besong; Bettina Taylor; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2018. "Investigating Enzyme Activity of Immobilized Candida rugosa Lipase." Journal of Food Quality 2018, no. : 1-9.
Diatoms are strongly influenced by water quality and serve as indicators of water quality degradation in freshwater systems. Here, sediment and water samples were collected from four sites in Blackbird Creek, DE, a salt marsh characterized as mostly freshwater to low saline brackish (<8ppt). Recent changes in land use resulted in increased agricultural activity, suggesting the need to develop water quality indicators in this region. To test the hypothesis that diatom community composition changes seasonally with variations in water quality parameters, sediment and water samples were collected in 2009 and 2010 for analysis. Water temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were measured as well as water and sediment dissolved nutrient concentrations (nitrate, ammonia, and total and reactive phosphorous). DNA was extracted from sediments and changes in diatom community composition were evaluated by amplification of 18S rRNA gene using diatom-specific primers, followed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. Shannon (H') index for TRFLP profiles ranged from 2.5 to 3.0 and Simpson (Ds) index was 0.9 which infers moderate levels of diatom species richness and high diversity in these study sites. Although there were no water quality parameters that were significantly correlated with diatom community composition as determined by TRFLP patterns, temperature was the most highly correlated (r = 0.203). Dissolved oxygen, salinity, and pH of water also had moderate but insignificant impacts on the diatom community. Further analysis of cloned 18S rRNA sequences revealed the presence of diatom taxa that tolerate wide salinity ranges, and included Navicula, Cyclotella, Thalassiosira and Skeletonema. Entomoneis sp. were also present in the spring and fall seasons. Overall, results in this study demonstrate significant differences in water qualities among the study years but little change in diatom community composition between study sites and seasons, but may serve as a baseline for future studies.
Lathadevi K. Chintapenta; Kathryn J. Coyne; Amanda Pappas; Katherine Lee; Connor Dixon; Venu Kalavacharla; Gulnihal Ozbay. Diversity of Diatom Communities in Delaware Tidal Wetland and Their Relationship to Water Quality. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2018, 6, 1 .
AMA StyleLathadevi K. Chintapenta, Kathryn J. Coyne, Amanda Pappas, Katherine Lee, Connor Dixon, Venu Kalavacharla, Gulnihal Ozbay. Diversity of Diatom Communities in Delaware Tidal Wetland and Their Relationship to Water Quality. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2018; 6 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLathadevi K. Chintapenta; Kathryn J. Coyne; Amanda Pappas; Katherine Lee; Connor Dixon; Venu Kalavacharla; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2018. "Diversity of Diatom Communities in Delaware Tidal Wetland and Their Relationship to Water Quality." Frontiers in Environmental Science 6, no. : 1.
Consumption of raw oysters is known to cause serious health conditions due to bioaccumulation of contaminants. As filter feeders, oysters ingest bacteria along with phytoplankton from their surrounding habitats. Ensuring seafood safety for human consumption is always a concern. Since oysters are consumed raw, disease causing organisms, environmental contaminants, toxins, chemicals, and even physical hazards such as soils and metals retained in the oysters can enter through feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of oysters collected from Delaware Inland Bays (DIB) and compare them with market oysters. Environmental parameters were monitored from local waters of DIB classified as closed versus open for shellfish harvesting. Total aerobic bacteria and vibrio were higher in market oysters during the warmer months, with open water having the least microbial loads. There were no significant differences in total vibrio counts between the study sites (p=0.396), but significant differences were recorded over time (p=0.004). Water temperature and turbidity were directly proportional to total vibrio in oysters, and salinity was inversely related. Research findings in this study may help bring awareness of changes in bacterial loads due to seasonal changes and additional handling and storage.
Gulnihal Ozbay; Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta; Talaysha Lingham; Stephen Lumor; Jung-Lim Lee; Bettina Taylor; Shobha Sriharan; Samuel Besong. Delaware Inland Bays and Market Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Quality for Consumption. Journal of Food Quality 2018, 2018, 1 -17.
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay, Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta, Talaysha Lingham, Stephen Lumor, Jung-Lim Lee, Bettina Taylor, Shobha Sriharan, Samuel Besong. Delaware Inland Bays and Market Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Quality for Consumption. Journal of Food Quality. 2018; 2018 ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay; Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta; Talaysha Lingham; Stephen Lumor; Jung-Lim Lee; Bettina Taylor; Shobha Sriharan; Samuel Besong. 2018. "Delaware Inland Bays and Market Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Quality for Consumption." Journal of Food Quality 2018, no. : 1-17.
The presence of heavy metals, excess nutrients, and microbial contaminants in aquatic systems of coastal Delaware has become a public concern as human population increases and land development continues. Delaware's coastal lagoons have been subjected to problems commonly shared by other coastal Mid-Atlantic states: turbidity, sedimentation, eutrophication, periodic hypoxic/anoxic conditions, toxic substances, and high bacterial levels. The cumulative impact of pollutants from run-off and point sources has degraded water quality, reduced the diversity and abundance of various fish species, invertebrates, and submerged aquatic vegetation. The effects are especially pronounced within the manmade dead end canal systems. In this article, we present selected case studies conducted in the Delaware Inland Bays. Due to the ecological services provided by bivalves, our studies in Delaware Inland Bays are geared towards oysters with special focus on the microbial loads followed by the water quality assessments of the bay. The relationships between oysters (Crassostrea virginica), microbial loads and nutrient levels in the water were investigated. The heavy metal levels monitored near the waste water treatment plant in the inland bays are marginally higher than the recommended EPA limits Also, our studies confirmed that aerobic bacteria and Vibrionaceae levels are salinity dependent. Total bacteria in oysters increased when nitrate and total suspended solids increased in the waters. Studies such as these are important because every year millions of Americans consume raw oysters. Data collected over the last ten years from our studies may be used to build a predictive index of conditions that are favorable for the proliferation of human pathogenic bacteria. Results from this study will benefit the local community by helping them understand the importance of oyster aquaculture and safe consumption of oysters while making them appreciate their ecological and commercial values. This will also be of tremendous help to the commercial shellfish aquaculture farms to predict poor conditions to prevent oysters’ consumption when bacterial levels are high in water.
Gulnihal Ozbay; Lathadevi Chintapenta; Amy Cannon; Kenneth Hannum. Effects of Microbial and Heavy Metal Contaminants on Environmental/Ecological Health and Revitalization of Coastal Ecosystems in Delaware Bay. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2017, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay, Lathadevi Chintapenta, Amy Cannon, Kenneth Hannum. Effects of Microbial and Heavy Metal Contaminants on Environmental/Ecological Health and Revitalization of Coastal Ecosystems in Delaware Bay. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2017; 5 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay; Lathadevi Chintapenta; Amy Cannon; Kenneth Hannum. 2017. "Effects of Microbial and Heavy Metal Contaminants on Environmental/Ecological Health and Revitalization of Coastal Ecosystems in Delaware Bay." Frontiers in Environmental Science 5, no. : 1.
Frank Marenghi; Kathryn Ashton-Alcox; Richard Wong; Bellamy Reynolds; Gulnihal Ozbay. Dredge efficiency on natural oyster grounds in Delaware Bay and its application in monitoring the Eastern oyster (C rassostrea virginica ) stock in Delaware, USA. Fisheries Research 2017, 186, 292 -300.
AMA StyleFrank Marenghi, Kathryn Ashton-Alcox, Richard Wong, Bellamy Reynolds, Gulnihal Ozbay. Dredge efficiency on natural oyster grounds in Delaware Bay and its application in monitoring the Eastern oyster (C rassostrea virginica ) stock in Delaware, USA. Fisheries Research. 2017; 186 ():292-300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrank Marenghi; Kathryn Ashton-Alcox; Richard Wong; Bellamy Reynolds; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2017. "Dredge efficiency on natural oyster grounds in Delaware Bay and its application in monitoring the Eastern oyster (C rassostrea virginica ) stock in Delaware, USA." Fisheries Research 186, no. : 292-300.
Gulnihal Ozbay; LaurieAnn Phalen; James Brey; Elizabeth W. Mills; Megan H. Jones; Ashley E. Maloney; Louise Huffman; Linda Morris. USING MSI-REACH OCEAN SEDIMENT AND SCHOOL OF ICE WORKSHOPS ON RECONSTRUCTING EARTH'S CLIMATE HISTORY LAB TOOLS FOR UNDERGRADUATE CLIMATE EDUCATION. GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay, LaurieAnn Phalen, James Brey, Elizabeth W. Mills, Megan H. Jones, Ashley E. Maloney, Louise Huffman, Linda Morris. USING MSI-REACH OCEAN SEDIMENT AND SCHOOL OF ICE WORKSHOPS ON RECONSTRUCTING EARTH'S CLIMATE HISTORY LAB TOOLS FOR UNDERGRADUATE CLIMATE EDUCATION. GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay; LaurieAnn Phalen; James Brey; Elizabeth W. Mills; Megan H. Jones; Ashley E. Maloney; Louise Huffman; Linda Morris. 2017. "USING MSI-REACH OCEAN SEDIMENT AND SCHOOL OF ICE WORKSHOPS ON RECONSTRUCTING EARTH'S CLIMATE HISTORY LAB TOOLS FOR UNDERGRADUATE CLIMATE EDUCATION." GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017 , no. : 1.
NOAA National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Report indicate the Delaware Bay has regionally medium levels of Cd and high levels of Pb. Environment New Jersey, a non-profit environmental group, reported the Delaware River, providing drinking water to millions, as the fifth most-polluted river in the country. These concerns resulted in this study monitoring water quality conditions near a wastewater facility in Delaware. Physical water quality parameters were measured, along with heavy metals Cd and Pb. Mean metal levels were consistently low at the wastewater discharge (1.3 μg/L Cd, 5.1 μg/L Pb), and high at the control location (9.2 μg/L Cd and 11.5 μg/L of Pb). Relationships were observed between heavy metals, salinity and pH levels. Results suggest water treated by the facility does not pose heavy metal contamination risks to the Lewes Rehoboth Canal. Further studies are warranted to seek heavy metal sources at the control point, farthest from the waste water treatment facility.
Amy C. Cannon; Lathadevi Chintapenta; Gulnihal Ozbay. Monitoring Heavy Metals near Wastewater Facility in Delaware Inland Bays Tidal Canal. Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017, 09, 985 -998.
AMA StyleAmy C. Cannon, Lathadevi Chintapenta, Gulnihal Ozbay. Monitoring Heavy Metals near Wastewater Facility in Delaware Inland Bays Tidal Canal. Journal of Water Resource and Protection. 2017; 09 (08):985-998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy C. Cannon; Lathadevi Chintapenta; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2017. "Monitoring Heavy Metals near Wastewater Facility in Delaware Inland Bays Tidal Canal." Journal of Water Resource and Protection 09, no. 08: 985-998.
Blackbird Creek, Delaware is a small watershed in northern Delaware that has a significant proportion of land designated for agricultural land use. The Blackbird Creek water monitoring program was initiated in 2012 to assess the condition of the watershed’s habitats using multiple measures of water quality. Habitats were identified based on percent adjacent agricultural land use. Study sites varying from five to fourteen were sampled biweekly during April and November, 2012-2015. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis and generalized linear modeling. Results from these first four years of data documented no significant differences in water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, salinity, inorganic nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, orthophosphate, alkalinity, and turbidity) between the two habitats, although both orthophosphate and turbidity were elevated beyond EPA-recommended values. There were statistically significant differences for all of the parameters between agriculture seasons. The lack of notable differences between habitats suggests that, while the watershed is generally impacted by agricultural land use practices, there appears to be no impact on the surface water chemistry. Because there were no differences between habitats, it was concluded that seasonal differences were likely due to basic seasonal variation and were not a function of agricultural land use practices.
Matthew L. Stone; Kristopher Roeske; Lathadevi K. Chintapenta; LaurieAnn Phalen; Venugopal Kalavacharla; Gulnihal Ozbay. Water Quality Analysis of Agriculturally Impacted Tidal Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2016, 4, 1 .
AMA StyleMatthew L. Stone, Kristopher Roeske, Lathadevi K. Chintapenta, LaurieAnn Phalen, Venugopal Kalavacharla, Gulnihal Ozbay. Water Quality Analysis of Agriculturally Impacted Tidal Blackbird Creek, Delaware. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2016; 4 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthew L. Stone; Kristopher Roeske; Lathadevi K. Chintapenta; LaurieAnn Phalen; Venugopal Kalavacharla; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2016. "Water Quality Analysis of Agriculturally Impacted Tidal Blackbird Creek, Delaware." Frontiers in Environmental Science 4, no. : 1.
The change in the quality attributes (physical, microbial, and chemical) of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment at 300 MPa at room temperature (RT, 25 °C) 300, 450, and 500 MPa at 0 °C for 2 min and control oysters without treatment were evaluated over 3 wk. The texture and tissue yield percentages of oysters HHP treated at 300 MPa, RT increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared to control. Aerobic and psychrotrophic bacteria in control oysters reached the spoilage point of 7 log CFU/g after 15 d. Coliform counts (log MPN/g) were low during storage with total and fecal coliforms less than 3.5 and 1.0. High pressure treated oysters at 500 MPa at 0 °C were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than oysters HHP treated at 300 MPa at 0 °C in lipid oxidation values. The highest pressure (500 MPa) treatment in this study, significantly (P < 0.05) decreased unsaturated fatty acid percentage compared to control. The glycogen content of control oysters at 3 wk was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared to HHP treated oysters [300 MPa, (RT); 450 MPa (0 °C); and 500 MPa (0 °C)]. HHP treatments of oysters were not significantly different in pH, percent salt extractable protein (SEP), and total lipid values compared to control. Based on our results, HHP prolongs the physical, microbial, and chemical quality of oysters.Practical ApplicationNonthermal methods such as high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment of foods to prolong their quality is used as an alternative to traditional thermal technologies. HHP reduces oyster bacteria load thus decreasing oyster consumption related foodborne illnesses. This “research” can be beneficial by allowing food industries to become aware of HHP parameters suitable for the quality of oysters, in turn, appealing to consumers after prolonged storage.
Talaysha Lingham; Mu Ye; Haiqiang Chen; Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta; Eunice Handy; Jing Zhao; Changqing Wu; Gulnihal Ozbay. Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Physical, Microbial, and Chemical Attributes of Oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ). Journal of Food Science 2016, 81, 1 .
AMA StyleTalaysha Lingham, Mu Ye, Haiqiang Chen, Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta, Eunice Handy, Jing Zhao, Changqing Wu, Gulnihal Ozbay. Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Physical, Microbial, and Chemical Attributes of Oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ). Journal of Food Science. 2016; 81 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTalaysha Lingham; Mu Ye; Haiqiang Chen; Lathadevi Karuna Chintapenta; Eunice Handy; Jing Zhao; Changqing Wu; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2016. "Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Physical, Microbial, and Chemical Attributes of Oysters ( Crassostrea virginica )." Journal of Food Science 81, no. 5: 1.
The world’s population continues to increase at record rates along with corresponding nutritional needs and related agricultural consequences. In the United States, food waste levels serve as dominant components of land-fill masses, oil and freshwater waste, methane and CO2 emissions, damage to wildlife ecosystems, and substantial financial losses. Agricultural effects on the environment were investigated through various research studies, referenced in this document, and efforts made toward food waste recycling were discussed as noteworthy models concerning improvements in sustainable agricultural practices. Food waste levels in the United States can be traced as faults of consumers, agricultural businesses, as well as federal legislation and there is an evident need for reform to maintain consumer health, viable foreign affairs, and environmental sustainability. Present agricultural practices are intense and rapid, increasing the risk of soil infertility and commercial alterations in production yields; repercussions well documented in neighboring nations. Experts argue that food waste in developed countries damages food availability around the world and, based on current agricultural practices and production, there is debate conc
Michael E. Hickey; Gulnihal Ozbay. Food waste in the United States: A contributing factor toward environmental instability. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2014, 2, 1 .
AMA StyleMichael E. Hickey, Gulnihal Ozbay. Food waste in the United States: A contributing factor toward environmental instability. Frontiers in Environmental Science. 2014; 2 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael E. Hickey; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2014. "Food waste in the United States: A contributing factor toward environmental instability." Frontiers in Environmental Science 2, no. : 1.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), established by the United Nations and World Meteorological Organization, has determined with a 90% confidence interval that humans have very likely contributed to a net warming of the Earth due to an increase in the emissions of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and land use changes. This warming has caused glacial melting to accelerate and subsequently sea level is now a very tangible issue. In addition, extreme precipitation events are happening more often in certain geographic regions. The last few decades have seen tremendous efforts focused on the collection and distribution of scientific data to better understand trends and future projections/scenarios of climate change and how society must adapt to those changes. As science concerning global climate change advances, societal awareness and understanding of the issue appears to be lagging behind. Does the public have a solid understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of climate change? Depending on the type of government, public views can significantly influence the government to develop better climate policies. Therefore, public voice is vital in influencing political decisions concerning climate change. Clear communication of scientific knowledge can empower people to safely steer future generations out of harm’s way - sharing and understanding fosters more of the same possibility. This case study discusses one of the interactive classroom activities which facilitated the active engagement of students in a discussion of local issues and potential avenues to adapt to climate change. Because climate change affects everything on our planet, animal farms on Delmarva represent one of the many economically and socially critical variables that must be protected through preemptive adaptations. Conversely, farm operations affect the rate of climate change, as well as the surrounding environment. With modern management practices and technology, farming effects on the environment and climate can be drastically reduced. On the other hand, if operations are not managed properly they can also have a negative impact on the environment and climate. Through suggestions and the adoption of modern practices, animal farming can become sustainable and environmentally friendly. The earth’s climate is inherently dynamic, but with the adoption of sustainable farming practices on a global scale the rate of climate change may be decelerated.
Katelyn Foster Syrena Taylor; Gulnihal Ozbay; Katelyn Foster; Lathadevi Chintapenta; Bethany Fleming. Overview on Sustainable Animal Farming in Relationship to Climate Change in Delmarva. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change 2014, 5, 1 -9.
AMA StyleKatelyn Foster Syrena Taylor, Gulnihal Ozbay, Katelyn Foster, Lathadevi Chintapenta, Bethany Fleming. Overview on Sustainable Animal Farming in Relationship to Climate Change in Delmarva. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change. 2014; 5 (2):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatelyn Foster Syrena Taylor; Gulnihal Ozbay; Katelyn Foster; Lathadevi Chintapenta; Bethany Fleming. 2014. "Overview on Sustainable Animal Farming in Relationship to Climate Change in Delmarva." Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change 5, no. 2: 1-9.
Gulnihal Ozbay. Land Use Impacts: The Effects of Non-Native Grasses on Marsh and Aquatic Ecosystems. Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography 2014, 4, 1 .
AMA StyleGulnihal Ozbay. Land Use Impacts: The Effects of Non-Native Grasses on Marsh and Aquatic Ecosystems. Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography. 2014; 4 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnihal Ozbay. 2014. "Land Use Impacts: The Effects of Non-Native Grasses on Marsh and Aquatic Ecosystems." Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography 4, no. 2: 1.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), established by the United Nations and World Meteorological Organization, has determined that humans have very likely influenced a net warming to the Earth from the increase of greenhouse gases, aerosols and land use changes. This warming has caused the amount of ice on the Earth to continue to decrease and sea levels to rise. In addition, extreme precipitation events are happening more often in selected regions of the world. A case study that assesses the impacts of, and adaptations to, these changes in climate is presented here. Two modeling programs, Sim CLIM and Train CLIM, (CLIM Systems, Hamilton, New Zealand) were used to support assessments for water supply, coastal zones and tropical cyclones in a fictitious island group in the South Pacific region. In the case study, a consulting group was “hired” to carry out these assessments. A final analysis and synthesis report were created to help the Ministry of the Environment of the made-up nation decide how to improve the governmental actions to address the real concerns posed by changing climate and sea level. Although a simulated island group is used in this article, there are sincere concerns about climate change and extreme weather events in this part of the world. It is important to address the real and dangerous threat that these islands and people face in the wake of a changing climate and a growing global society
Amy Cannon; Peter Lalor; Shobha Sriharan; Chunlei Fan; Gulnihal Ozbay. A Case Study on Climate Change Response and Adaptation: Fictional Aysese Islands in the South Pacific. American Journal of Climate Change 2014, 03, 455 -473.
AMA StyleAmy Cannon, Peter Lalor, Shobha Sriharan, Chunlei Fan, Gulnihal Ozbay. A Case Study on Climate Change Response and Adaptation: Fictional Aysese Islands in the South Pacific. American Journal of Climate Change. 2014; 03 (05):455-473.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy Cannon; Peter Lalor; Shobha Sriharan; Chunlei Fan; Gulnihal Ozbay. 2014. "A Case Study on Climate Change Response and Adaptation: Fictional Aysese Islands in the South Pacific." American Journal of Climate Change 03, no. 05: 455-473.