Objectives: To determine the therapeutic effect of tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs) on diabetic wound healing and the underlying mechanism.Materials and Methods: The tFNAs were characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential assays. Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and migration assays were performed to evaluate the effects of tFNAs on cellular proliferation and migration. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the effect of tFNAs on growth factors. The function and role of tFNAs in diabetic wound healing were investigated using diabetic wound models, histological analyses and western blotting.Results: Cellular proliferation and migration were enhanced after treatment with tFNAs in a high‐glucose environment. The expression of growth factors was also facilitated by tFNAs in vitro. During in vivo experiments, tFNAs accelerated the healing process in diabetic wounds and promoted the regeneration of the epidermis, capillaries and collagen. Moreover, tFNAs increased the secretion of growth factors and activated the Wnt pathway in diabetic wounds.Conclusions: This study indicates that tFNAs can accelerate diabetic wound healing and have potential for the treatment of diabetic wounds.

Thrombocytopenia is a common complication of critical care patients. The rates of bleeding events and mortality are also significantly increased in critical care patients with thrombocytopenia. Therefore, the Critical Care Medicine Committee of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) worked with Chinese Society of Laboratory Medicine, Chinese Medical Association to develop this consensus to provide guidance for clinical practice. The consensus includes five sections and 27 items: the definition of thrombocytopenia, etiology and pathophysiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Introduction: Obesity has been established as a significant risk factor for rapid kidney function decline (RKFD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the comparative prognostic value of various obesity-related indices in predicting RKFD and CKD remains inadequately elucidated. The objective of this study was to explore the correlations between ten obesity-related indices: body mass index (BMI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), waist triglyceride index (WTI), relative fat mass (RFM), and conicity index (C-index), and RKFD and CKD. Methods: This retrospective longitudinal cohort study leveraged data sourced from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multivariate logistic regression models with covariate adjustment were employed to assess independent associations between obesity-related indices and clinical outcomes. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression analyses were performed to characterize potential nonlinear relationships. Predictive performance was quantified through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with area under the curve (AUC) comparisons. Results: A total of 1,620 participants were enrolled in this study. Among them, 109 participants developed RKFD, and 60 progressed to CKD. Adjusted logistic regression revealed significant positive associations between CVAI, VAI, LAP, WTI and RKFD risk, while BRI and C-index demonstrated per standard deviation (SD) increases associated with CKD progression. RCS curve analysis demonstrated that CVAI and LAP exhibited a nonlinear relationship with the risk of RKFD, while VAI and WTI had a linear relationship. Moreover, the C-index had a nonlinear relationship with the risk of CKD, whereas BRI had a linear relationship. ROC analysis revealed WTI as the superior RKFD predictor and ABSI as the optimal CKD progression indicator among the evaluated obesity-related indices. Conclusion: This study comprehensively investigated the associations between ten obesity-related indices and both RKFD and CKD. Our findings indicated that CVAI, VAI, LAP, and WTI were associated with RKFD, with WTI exhibiting the highest predictive value. Furthermore, BRI and C-index were associated with CKD, with ABSI demonstrating the highest predictive value for the progression to CKD.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia, still has a high mortality rate. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, have a significant impact on infectious diseases. However, the role of EVs from alveolar macrophages (AMs) in MRSA pneumonia remains unclear. We report that AMs phagocytose MRSA and release more EVs in mice with MRSA pneumonia. EVs from AMs harboring phagocytosed MRSA exhibit significant proinflammatory effects and induce necroptosis by delivering tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and miR-146a-5p. Mechanically, the upregulated miR-146a-5p in these EVs enhances the phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thereby promoting TNF-α-induced necroptosis. The combination of a TNF-α antagonist and an miR-146a-5p antagomir effectively improves the outcomes of mice with MRSA pneumonia. Overall, we reveal the pronecrotic effect of EVs from MRSA-infected AMs and provide a promising target for the prevention and treatment of MRSA pneumonia.

Pathologic scars include keloids and hypertrophic scars due to abnormal wound healing. Both cause symptoms of itching and pain; they also affect one's appearance and may even constrain movement. Such scars place a heavy burden on the individual's physical and mental health; moreover, treatment with surgery alone is highly likely to leave more scarring. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a treatment that is both minimally invasive and convenient. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging safe and noninvasive technology wherein photosensitizers and specific light sources are used to treat malignant tumors and skin diseases. Research on PDT from both the laboratory and clinic has been reported. These findings on the treatment of pathologic scars using photosensitizers, light sources, and other mechanisms are reviewed in the present article.