Incidence of medication errors in intensive care unit (ICU) can cause irreparable damage for ICU patients. Therefore, it seems necessary to find the causes of medication errors in this section. Work commitment and dynamic might affect the incidence of medication errors in ICU. To assess the mentioned hypothesis, we performed a descriptive-analytical study which was carried out on 117 nurses working in ICU of educational hospitals in Tehran. Minick et al., Salyer et al., and Wakefield et al. scales were used for data gathering on work commitment, dynamic, and medication errors, respectively. Findings of the current study revealed that high work commitment in ICU nurses caused low number of medication errors, including intravenous and nonintravenous. We controlled the effects of confounding variables in detection of this relationship. In contrast, no significant association was found between work dynamic and different types of medication errors. Although the study did not observe any relationship between the dynamics and rate of medication errors, the training of nurses or nursing students to create a dynamic environment in hospitals can increase their interest in the profession and increase job satisfaction in them. Also they must have enough ability in work dynamic so that they don’t confused and distracted result in frequent changes of orders, care plans, and procedures.

Introduction: Outcome prediction of intensive care unit (ICU)-admitted patients is one of the important issues for physicians. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Confusion, Urea, Respiratory Rate, Blood Pressure and Age Above or Below 65 Years (CURB-65), and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) scores in predicting the in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients. Methods: This prognostic accuracy study was performed on 225 ICU-admitted patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 from July to December 2021 in Tehran, Iran. The patients' clinical characteristics were evaluated at the time of ICU admission, and they were followed up until discharge from ICU. The screening performance characteristics of CURB-65, qSOFA, and SIRS in predicting their mortality was compared. Results: 225 patients with the mean age of 63.27 +/- 14.89 years were studied (56.89% male). The in-hospital mortality rate of this series of patients was 39.10%. The area under the curve (AUC) of SIRS, CURB-65, and qSOFA were 0.62 (95% CI: 0.55 - 0.69), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.59 - 0.73), and 0.61(95% CI: 0.54 - 0.67), respectively (p = 0.508). In cut-off >= 1, the estimated sensitivity values of SIRS, CURB-65, and qSOFA were 85.23%, 96.59%, and 78.41%, respectively. The estimated specificity of scores were 34.31%, 6.57%, and 38.69%, respectively. In cut-off >= 2, the sensitivity values of SIRS, CURB-65, and qSOFA were evaluated as 39.77%, 87.50%, and 15.91%, respectively. Meanwhile, the specificity of scores were 72.99%, 34.31%, and 92.70%. Conclusion: It seems that the performance of SIRS, CURB-65, and qSOFA is similar in predicting the ICU mortality of COVID-19 patients. However, the sensitivity of CURB-65 is higher than qSOFA and SIRS.

Introduction: As COVID-19 is an emerging disease, nursing students have little experience in caring for COVID-19 patients while they will be part of the country’s health system and have the closest relationship with the treatment team. Objective(s): Therefore, considering the importance and challenges of nursing students’ education during the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of e-learning programs for COVID-19 patient care on nursing students’ knowledge in Tehran, Iran 2021. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was performed on 100 nursing students selected by a random sampling method. The demographic and knowledge assessment questionnaires were used to collect data before the intervention. Then, the e-learning program was implemented, in which students participated in three sessions for two weeks, the educational content was provided for the students in the form of text, audio, video, and image files, and questions were asked to them. Data were collected immediately after completing the e-learning program and four weeks later. Results: The mean age value was 22 ± 1.25, and 61% of participants were female. The total mean score of knowledge immediately after training (22.95 ± 0.30) and one month after training (22.79 ± 0.30) significantly increased compared to baseline time (17.21 ± 0.48). The main effect of time was significant for the total score of knowledge from baseline to immediately after training (B = 5.79) and one-month follow-up (B = 5.63). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that the total mean score of the knowledge of students increased significantly in all dimensions after the e-learning program for COVID-19 patient care. Implications for nursing practice: Considering the effectiveness of the e-learning program for COVID-19 patient care in increasing the knowledge of nursing students, it is necessary to provide more training programs focusing on new scientific findings because increasing nurses’ and nursing students’ knowledge plays a significant role in achieving more skills and promoting community health.

Death anxiety is a negative consequence of cancer that influences the quality of life of many patients. This study determined the predictors of death anxiety and the contribution of the sense of coherence to this disorder among Iranians with cancer. The present research was a descriptive-analytical study that examined cancer patients referring to one of the educational hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Two hundred eligible patients selected by purposeful sampling filled out a clinical and demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 20 software. The correlational results revealed a negative and significant relationship between death anxiety and a sense of coherence (r = -0.610). Likewise, age, gender, marital status, occupational and economic circumstances, and cancer type were among the variables that correlated with death anxiety and predicted 85% of this psychological state. The researchers recommend mental assessment in oncological care to identify psychological challenges to realize the ultimate goal of palliative care, i.e. improving patients' quality of life.

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is a powerful phrase that reflects maintaining health and well-being in different societies and cultures, reflecting the positive and negative aspects of people’s lives. Patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) have an undesirable QOL, and this has become one of the most important causes of mortality in the world. Objective: This review article aimed to summarize the results of previous studies on health-related QOL in patients with LC to determine their problems and needs. Methods: This review was conducted using Cochran’s seven-step model. This paper is the result of research on QOL in patients with LC through searches conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using the keywords liver cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, quality of life, health-related quality of life, and self-care for articles published between 2012-2018. Ultimately, 11 articles were obtained and analyzed. Results: The results of this review showed that the QOL in patients with LC is poor and is lower than in other populations. Many factors, such as age, gender, and education, influence QOL and should be addressed in order to solve the challenges and problems faced by these patients. Increasing awareness and education are the most important issues for LC patients. Conclusion: QOL in patients with LC is affected by many factors. The lack of awareness about the disease and its complications is considered the biggest problem for these patients. To improve the QOL and care of these patients, nursing care guidelines, awareness raising, and education about the disease and its complications, treatment, and new treatments are needed.