Scoparia dulcis Linn plays an important role in treatment because it contains active compounds that are proven to have a variety of activities, including cytotoxicity on various cancer cells. The objective of this study is to isolate and identify the cytotoxic compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of Scoparia dulcis, observe cell cycle inhibition and induction of apoptosis in vitro, and carry out molecular studies using in silico studies. A new diterpene compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Scoparia dulcis L. of Indonesian origin. Chromatographic methods were used to isolate the compound, spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate its structure, and these data were compared with those reported in the literature. The compound was tested for its cytotoxic activity against two breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T47D). The results of the isolated compound showed a cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells at IC₅₀ 70.56 ± 1.54 and <3.125 ± 0.43 µg/mL, respectively. The compound inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells and the accumulation of cells in the G1 phases, and it induced apoptosis. Based on a spectroscopic analysis, the isolated compound was identified as 2α-hydroxyscopadiol, which is a new diterpenoid. A docking study revealed that the isolate’s hydroxyl groups are essential for interacting with crucial residues on the active sites of the ER and PR and caspase-9. The isolate inhibits ER and PR activity with binding energies of −8.2 kcal/mol and −7.3 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, the isolate was also able to induce apoptosis through the activation of the caspase-9 pathway with an affinity of −9.0 kcal/mol. In conclusion, the isolated compound from S. dulcis demonstrated anticancer activity based on in vitro and in silico studies.

Due to its synergistic effect, the extract-extract combination is essential in traditional medicine formulation. The combination of Mangifera indica and Euphorbia hirta extracts can produce a synergistic effect if combined in a proper ratio. This investigation reported the synergistic antioxidant effect of M. indica and E. hirta. The ethanolic extracts of M. indica leaf (MILE) and E. hirta aerial part (EHAE) were acquired by the maceration method, followed by evaporation to remove the solvent. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) tests were used to assess the extracts' capacity to scavenge radicals. MILE and EHAE were combined with a ratio of 1:3 (comb. 1), 1:1 (comb. 2), and 3:1 (comb. 3). This work disclosed that the extract combinations showed all types of interactions. However, of all combinations, only comb. 3 depicted the synergistic interaction caused by the regeneration effect of EHAE on MILE. This finding has important implications for health, particularly disease prevention. M. indica and E. hirta extracts with high phenolic and flavonoid contents can work together to reduce oxidative stress and protect the body from a variety of diseases.