Marine fishery is an important part of China’s maritime power strategy. Improving the ecological efficiency of marine fishery is the inevitable way to achieve the sustainable development of fishery. Based on the perspective of industrial sustainable development, this study used the Super-SBM model to evaluate the ecological efficiency of marine fishery in 11 coastal provinces of China from 2011 to 2020. Combined with Malmquist index, Moran index and other methods, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics were analyzed. On this basis, the Tobit panel model was used to explore the influencing factors of marine fishery eco-efficiency. The results show that: (1) From 2011 to 2020, the marine fishery eco-efficiency in the 10 coastal provinces and cities of China shows a clear trend of improvement, and the efficiency values in high-efficiency areas remain basically stable. The relative gap between efficient and inefficient regions remains significant. (2) From the perspective of spatial distribution characteristics, the ecological efficiency of marine fishery in coastal provinces and cities in China had no obvious spatial correlation, and showed a trend of cross-distribution between high-efficiency regions and low-efficiency regions. (3) The change of marine fishery eco-efficiency is the result of a variety of influencing factors. Fishery industrial structure, scientific and technological support levels and environmental regulation play a role in promoting the improvement of marine fishery eco-efficiency. Therefore, optimizing the structure of the fishery industry, improving environmental regulation and increasing investment in science and technology are all effective measures for local governments to improve the eco-efficiency of marine fisheries.

Science and technology innovation is an important driving force to promote the development of fishery industry, and is very important to improve the quality of fishery development. In this study, the Super-SBM model was used to evaluate the fishery science and technology innovation efficiency of 30 provinces and cities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Tibet) from 2011 to 2020. Combined with the kernel density estimation, the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics were analyzed. Then, from the two dimensions of investment scale and innovation efficiency, the sustainable development types of fishery science and technology innovation were classified. The results show the following: (1) From the perspective of efficiency change, the overall efficiency of fishery science and technology innovation in China increased first and then decreased during 2011–2020, but the overall efficiency level was low, and the efficiency difference between regions gradually widened, and the eastern coastal regions became the development core of fishery science and technology innovation. (2) From the perspective of spatial differentiation characteristics, there was a large gap between the coastal and inland areas in China. The high-efficiency areas were mainly concentrated in the coastal provinces and cities, such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanghai and Tianjin, showing a decreasing trend from east to west. (3) From the perspective of investment scale and innovation efficiency, the study regions can be divided into four types: leading area, breakthrough area, catch-up area and backward area. This paper mainly calculates the efficiency of fishery science and technology innovation in various regions, and divides the type areas of fishery science and technology innovation and development. According to the advantages and problems of different types of areas, different development strategies and correction measures are proposed, which can effectively improve the efficiency of resource utilization, avoid resource waste and realize the sustainable development of fishery.