Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, and treatments often have severe physiological and aesthetic side effects. Researchers are exploring minimally invasive techniques, such as Microwave Ablation therapy (MWA), to mitigate these effects. Methods: This study has investigated the impact of microwave ablation therapy on breast tissue with segmental microcalcifications, which can show breast cancer presence. This research work has used a coaxial dual-slot antenna model to apply microwave radiation and compare thermal and reflection parameters between homogeneous and heterogeneous breast tissues. Results: The results have shown homogeneous models to yield a power reflection below 17% and achieve the desired ablation temperature of 50°C in less than 250 seconds of therapy time. However, heterogeneous models have achieved a power reflection above 18% and achieved the desired ablation temperature in less than 250 seconds. This suggests that considering variation in dielectric properties within a homogeneous breast model can be more effective than considering tissue segmentation. Conclusion: Further research needs to optimize the antenna for each homogeneous breast density, considering other malignant tissues, which can potentially improve the effectiveness of microwave ablation therapy in treating breast cancer.

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Among women across the world, breast cancer is the number one cause of death since 2020. Some of the main treatments against this affection represent severe physiological and aesthetic adverse effects. To reduce these side effects, many minimally invasive treatments have been researched. One of these many techniques is ablation therapy by emission of electromagnetic waves, chemical or cryogenic means. This work aims to compare the computational modelling of microwave ablation therapy in heterogeneous (volume of tissue driven) and homogeneous (density of tissue driven) breasts that present segmental microcalcifications. The main objective is to compare the differences between thermal, reflection parameters and power reflection between the two model simulations. For the application of microwave radiation, a coaxial dual-slot antenna model, at an operating frequency of 2.45 GHz, and 12 W of input power was used. The simulations of each homogeneous model yielded a power reflection below 17% and reached the desired 50°C ablation temperatures below 250s therapy time. Specifically, the Low-Density model got an SWR of 1.78, a -11.023 dB S₁₁and a power reflection of 7.913%. The heterogenous model simulations got a power reflection above 18% and reached the desired 50°C ablation temperatures below 250s therapy time. Where each desired parameter yielded closed results, being the best the High-Density model with respect to a SWR of 2.4897, and 18.223% of reflected power. The data shows that it is best to consider the variation in dielectric properties of a homogenous breast model rather than the segmentation of the tissues. Therefore, more research is required for the optimization of the antenna for each homogenous breast density considering other malignant tissues.