Continuous microwave-assisted flow synthesis has been used as a simple, more efficient, and low-cost route to fabricate a range of nanosized (<100 nm) strontium-substituted calcium phosphates. In this study, fine nanopowder was synthesized via a continuous flow synthesis with microwave assistance from the solutions of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (with strontium nitrate as Sr²⁺ ion source) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate at pH 10 with a time duration of 5 min. The morphological characterization of the obtained powder has been carried out by employing techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The chemical structural analysis to evaluate the surface properties was made by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Zeta potential analysis was performed to evaluate the colloidal stability of the particles. Antimicrobial studies were performed for all the compositions using four bacterial strains and an opportunistic human fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina. It was found that the nanoproduct with high strontium content (15 wt% of strontium) showed pronounced antibacterial potential against M. luteus while it completely arrested the fungal growth after 48 h by all of its concentrations. Thus the synthesis strategy described herein facilitated the rapid production of nanosized Sr-substituted CaPs with excellent biological performance suitable for a bone replacement application.

Environmentally friendly synthesis of Nd ₂ O ₃ NPs using Caryota urens leaf extract. Nd ₂ O ₃ nanocrystals have a highly crystalline structure, with a bandgap of 3.5 eV. Bioactive Nd ₂ O ₃ NPs degraded 92% of tetracycline pollutants for 40 min.

Recycling food waste to extract valuable bioactive compounds (BAC) offers a groundbreaking solution to mitigate environmental challenges. The isolation and purification of BAC from food waste are getting more attention to maintain environmental sustainability. The therapeutic potential of these compounds highlights the need for innovative approaches to extracting and purifying them from by-products. In this context, the chlorogenic (CG) acid is extracted from watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) rind (WMR) using ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) technique and purified using the macroporous adsorption resin (MPAR) method. The extraction and purification were carried out with water, 70 % v/v ethanol/water (70 % Et), and 90 % v/v ethanol/water (90 %-Et) solvent to analyze the impact of solvent on extraction efficiency, purity, and recovery. The extracted CG acid was qualitatively analyzed via UV spectrometry and HPLC and underwent FESEM analysis while purified CG acid was characterized via FTIR and thermal analysis. The implementation of the MPAR method notably increased the yield to 4.6 mg/g of raw material using solvents comprising 90 % ethanol than water and 70 % ethanol. The recovery of CG acid significantly escalated to 88 %, enhancing the purity percentage from an initial range of 70-94 %.