Vegetarianism in any of its various forms, particularly veganism, has been increasing in popularity over the past few years, especially among the young population in the United States. While several studies have shown that a vegan diet (VD) decreases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, veganism has been associated with adverse health outcomes, namely, nervous, skeletal, and immune system impairments, hematological disorders, as well as mental health problems due to the potential for micro and macronutrient deficits. The goal of this review article is to discuss the current literature on the impact and long-term consequences of veganism on vulnerable populations, including children, adolescents, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and fetal outcomes in strict vegan mothers. It also focuses on the many deficiencies of the vegan diet, especially vitamin B12, and the related increased risk of malignancies.

Histoplasmosis is a common mycosis in North and Central America caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Affected patients typically remain asymptomatic. However, in some individuals, histoplasmosis can present as a severe illness, usually occurring in patients with underlying risk factors such as the immunocompromised (e.g., acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), treatment with immunosuppressive agents), and the elderly without underlying immunocompromised conditions. Here, we present a case of disseminated histoplasmosis diagnosed as an incidental finding on bone marrow biopsy while treating a hospitalized patient for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. The patient presented with weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, and generalized weakness. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B and eventually transitioned to itraconazole.

Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by gram-negative diplococci, Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Disseminated gonorrhea is diagnosed infrequently, partly due to low suspicion at the time of presentation, and at times, due to overlapping symptoms associated with non-infectious conditions like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this article, we present a 42-year-old sexually active female with knee pain and swelling, fever, and rash. Knee aspirate showed the presence of monosodium urate crystals, and the synovial culture grew gram-negative diplococci, requiring multiple joint washouts. The urine nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was indeterminate. She was treated with high-dose intravenous ceftriaxone for one week post-joint washout with rapid improvement in her condition and resolution of the rash.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2), later renamed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in early December 2019. Initially, the China office of the World Health Organization was informed of numerous cases of pneumonia of unidentified etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province on December 31, 2019. This would subsequently result in a global pandemic with over 76 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 6.9 million deaths reported to the WHO. We have analyzed most of the data published since the beginning of the pandemic to compile this comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2. We look at the core ideas, such as the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostics, histopathologic findings, consequences, therapies, and vaccines. We have also included the long-term effects and myths associated with some therapeutics of COVID-19. This study comprehensively assesses of the SARS-CoV-2 virology, vaccines, medicines, and significant variants identified during the pandemic. Our review article is intended to provide medical practitioners with a better understanding of the fundamental sciences, clinical treatment, and prevention of COVID-19. As of June 2023, this paper contains the most recent data made accessible.

Key Clinical Message: Understanding the complications arising from prone positioning following mechanical ventilation during management of acute respiratory distress from COVID‐19. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been one of the well‐known complications of the disease since it was first reported in 2020. Mechanical ventilation for severe ARDS has been widely utilized for the management of such patients. Prone positioning (PP) is associated with improved oxygenation and overall outcomes in both intubated and non‐intubated patients. However, there are several complications associated with this procedure, including compressive neuropathies. In this article, we report a case of unilateral foot drop following mechanical ventilation and PP during the management of ARDS from COVID‐19.

This article has been corrected by the Editors-in-Chief to replace references 34-36 as the articles that were originally references were inadvertently included. The journal regrets that this error was not identified and corrected prior to publication.