Depression, a global mental health pandemic, persists with unmet therapeutic needs due to the limitations of conventional antidepressants. Emerging evidence suggests that the microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGB axis) is a crucial regulator of depressive pathophysiology, facilitating bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS) through neural, immune, endocrine, and metabolic pathways. This review explores the complex mechanisms underlying MGB dysfunction in depression, including vagus nerve‐mediated signaling, cytokine‐driven neuroinflammation, and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. Innovations in microbiota‐targeted interventions, ranging from probiotic engineering and precision dietary modulation to bacteriophage therapy and AI‐driven personalized medicine, have been critically assessed for their potential to restore MGB homeostasis. By linking mechanistic insights with clinical translation, this work outlines a roadmap for transforming the gut microbiota into a therapeutic frontier for depression.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LA) is the main pathological type of lung cancer with a very low 5-year survival rate. In the present study, after downloading the mRNA, miRNA, and DNA methylation sequencing data from TCGA, combined with the downloaded clinical data, comparative analysis, prognostic analysis, GO and KEGG analysis, GSEA analysis, methylation analysis, transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional regulation were performed. We found that both methylation and gene expression of MNDA in LA were down-regulated, while high expression of MNDA was associated with good overall survival in LA. To probe the mechanism, further analysis showed that SPI1 was the main transcription factor of MNDA, but it was also down-regulated in LA. At the same time, the expression of eight target miRNAs of MNDA was significantly up-regulated, and the expression of hsa-miR-33a-5p and hsa-miR-33b-5p were verified to directly target MNDA. In conclusion, the abnormal expression of MNDA in LA is the result of the combined effects of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.

Objective: This study analyzed the current status of cultivating innovative thinking among university students. Methods: Grounded theory was used with interviews and questionnaires for data collection, coding, and theory building. Results: Only 35% of students expressed satisfaction with current teaching methods for innovative thinking, while 72% associated innovation with novel ideas. Low satisfaction stemmed from lecture-based methods, outdated content, and lack of practical connections. Participation in innovation activities was low. Grounded theory identified “Diversified Teaching Methods” as the core category, linked to nine others. Methods such as Problem-Based Learning, Project-Based Learning, and Group Collaborative Learning were effective, supported by data and student feedback on enhanced thinking and problem-solving skills. Conclusion: “Diversified Teaching Methods” is the core category. Findings will be applied to broader contexts to explore effective cultivation modes across universities and majors.