Software reliability models assess the reliability by\ud predicting faults for the software. Reliability is a real world\ud phenomenon with many associated real-time problems. To\ud obtain solutions to problems quickly, accurately and acceptably,\ud a large number of soft computing techniques have been\ud developed, but it is very difficult to find out which one is the\ud most suitable and can be used globally. In this paper, we have\ud provided an overview of existing soft computing techniques,\ud and then critically analyzed the work done by the various\ud researchers in the field of software reliability. Further to this,\ud we have also compared soft computing techniques in terms of\ud software reliability modeling capabilities

In this paper, we study how to assemble a supply chain with the avail of Blockchain to establish a secure trading environment. Blockchain is distributed, decentralized and a transparent mechanism which makes it suitable to share data on publicly accessible networks such that it can further be verified and audited independently thus maintaining data integrity. This paper suggests that the Blockchain technology offers great potential to foster secure trading using distributed ledger that propounds ingenious platforms as it makes the history of any digital asset unalterable, traceable and transparent. We further study how Blockchain mitigates the subsisting quandary in supply chains, how does it provide an edge over other technologies. The model is proposed to implement the Blockchain manufactured supply chain and it is further explained how it eliminates the challenges faced by the current supply chain management system. Also, challenges to adopting this technology have been discussed in the latter section of the paper.

Software reliability analysis has come to the forefront of academia as software applications have grown in size and complexity. Traditionally, methods have focused on minimizing coding errors to guarantee analytic tractability. This causes the estimations to be overly optimistic when using these models. However, it is important to take into account non-software factors, such as human error and hardware failure, in addition to software faults to get reliable estimations. In this research, we examine how big data systems' peculiarities and the need for specialized hardware led to the creation of a hybrid model. We used statistical and soft computing approaches to determine values for the model's parameters, and we explored five criteria values in an effort to identify the most useful method of parameter evaluation for big data systems. For this purpose, we conduct a case study analysis of software failure data from four actual projects. In order to do a comparison, we used the precision of the estimation function for the results. Particle swarm optimization was shown to be the most effective optimization method for the hybrid model constructed with the use of large-scale fault data.

The critical role of wireless communication in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its impact on modern sensor networks. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the proliferation of IoT devices and sensors has revolutionized various industries, enabling unprecedented data collection and analysis for smarter decision-making. This chapter delves into the fundamental principles and challenges of wireless communication in IoT sensor networks. It presents an overview of various wireless technologies employed in IoT, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, LoRa, and NB-IoT, comparing their strengths and weaknesses to optimize sensor communication. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the importance of security and privacy in IoT sensor communication, providing insights into encryption techniques and authentication protocols to safeguard sensitive data from potential threats and breaches. Through an exploration of real-world applications, this chapter highlights the practical implementation of IoT sensor communication using wireless technology in domains like smart cities, healthcare, agriculture, and industrial automation. Overall, this chapter provides a comprehensive understanding of how wireless technology serves as a backbone for efficient and scalable communication among IoT sensors, unlocking the full potential of the Internet of Things in the modern era. <!----> <!----> <!----> <!---->