This work is devoted to investigate solutions to RC circuits using four different types of time fractional diferential operators of order 0 < γ ≤ 1. The fractional derivatives considered are, Caputo, Caputo-Fabrizio, Atangana-Baleanu and the conformable derivative. It is shown that Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivative (non-local), and the conformable (local) derivative could describe a wider class of physical processes then the Caputo and Caputo-Fabrizio. The solutions are exactly equal for all four erivatives only for the case γ=1.

Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have emerged as essential tools in the monitoring of physical, chemical, and bio-medical parameters in harsh situations due to their high sensitivity, electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity, and long-term stability. However, the current literature contains scattered information in most reviews regarding individual sensing technologies or domains. This study provides a structured exploratory review in a novel inter-family analysis of both intrinsic and extrinsic configurations by analyzing more than 23,000 publications between 2019 and 2025 in five key domains: industry, medicine and biomedicine, environmental chemistry, civil/structural engineering, and aerospace. The analysis aims to critically discuss how functional principles/parameters and methods of interrogation affect the applicability of different OFS categories. The results reveal leading trends in the use of techniques like the use of fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and distributed sensing in high-accuracy conditions or the rising role of extrinsic sensors in selective chemical situations and point out new approaches in areas like Artificial Intelligence (AI)- or Internet of Things (IoT)-integrated sensors. Further, this synthesis not only connects pieces of knowledge but also defines the technological barriers in terms of calibration cost and standardization: this provides strategic insight regarding future research and the scalability of industry deployment.

We propose the use of a figure eight fiber laser cavity in fundamental and harmonic mode-locking noise-like pulsing regimes, with output pulse energies as high as 302.8 nJ, as an improved supercontinuum source. The absence of a polarizer in the laser setup, so that the state of polarization along the cavity is not restricted, allows enhanced performances compared to other similar schemes. Noise-like pulses with durations of a few tens of ns were generated and a coherence length in the order of ps. For proper adjustments, self-starting passive mode-locking is obtained and a supercontinuum spectrum is observed at the laser output. We observe that the spectrum flatness is significantly improved in the harmonic mode-locking regime of the fiber laser. These results were achieved without the need to insert any high-nonlinearity propagation medium in the setup or at the laser output.

The use of sensors to detect or measure ripening changes in fruit is a growing area of interest to the scientific community. Colorimeters are commonly employed for color and shade identification; however, their usage to measure the color parameters of fruit rinds based on image analysis can be expensive. This article presents a non-invasive and low-cost optoelectronic system for detecting color changes in oranges to predict the ripening stage. The system utilises a 1 W white LED as a light source, an RGB photodiode array, and two plastic optical fibres bundled in parallel to form the head of an extrinsic sensor. A microcontroller is employed for model integration and data acquisition. The evolution of the skin color of the fruit was monitored until over-ripeness was evident. The sensor was designed to detect the color changes; the CIE L * a * b * color difference between the optoelectronic device results and those obtained by colorimetry was 2.6–4.5. To predict the ideal conditions for fruit handling and determine the maturity level, a multilevel perceptron ANN was trained, achieving an accuracy of 96.4%. In addition, an overall precision of 96.6% was achieved when classifying fruit into three maturity categories (under-ripe, ripe, and over-ripe), and the error was 3.4%. The combination of the optoelectronic device and ANN improves considerably this fruit color classification accuracy, can facilitate the determination of the optimal time for consumption, and optimize the postharvest process efficiency.

We present a passively mode-locked all-fibre ring laser, working in the near-infrared region. The burst of multiple pulses generation is achieved by modifying the transmission output of the saturable absorber. Consequently, multiple modes are stimulated within the laser cavity and multiple wavelengths of operation from 1038 to 1082 nm are accomplished. Furthermore, average power and pulse energy, up to 3.48 mW and 42.9 nJ, are measured and validated. The laser exhibits high-power and wavelength stability at room temperature. In addition, the Raman effect is detected by increasing the power of the pump and up to three stokes are reached; therefore, a broadband spectrum of 140 nm is observed by changing the state of polarization within the cavity.