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Since August 2015 leading the Research Centre Human Biometeorology of the German Meteorological Service in Freiburg. Appointed as extraordinary Professor at the University of Freiburg since October 2006. Developer of several models and tools in applied climatology and biometeorology i.e. RayMan Model, SkyHelios Model, Climate Mapping Tool and CTIS (Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme).
To quantify the ecosystem services of trees in urban environments, it is necessary to assess received direct solar radiation of each tree. While the Sky View Factor (SVF) is suitable for assessing the total incoming short- and longwave radiation fluxes, its information is limited to specific points in space. For a spatial analysis, it is necessary to sample the area for SVF. A new geometrical method, Area View Factor (AVF), for the calculation of sunlit areas is proposed. AVF is the ratio of the unhidden, projected surface of an object to the whole projected surface of an object in a complex environment. Hereby, a virtual, orthographic camera is oriented in accordance to the sun’s position in the 3D model domain. The method is implemented in the microscale model SkyHelios, utilizing efficient rendering techniques to assess AVF of all urban trees in parallel. The method was applied to Rieselfeld in Freiburg, Germany. The assessed sunlit area is compared to the SVF at the top of each tree and solar altitude angle, revealing a strong relationship between sunlit areas to solar altitude angles. This study shows that AVF is an efficient methodology to assess received direct radiation of urban trees. Based on AVF, it is possible to identify urban areas with shaded and sunlit trees, but it can also be applied to other objects in complex environments. Therefore, AVF is applicable for urban architecture or energetic research questions.
Marcel Gangwisch; Dominik Fröhlich; Andreas Christen; Andreas Matzarakis. Geometrical Assessment of Sunlit and Shaded Area of Urban Trees Based on Aligned Orthographic Views. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 968 .
AMA StyleMarcel Gangwisch, Dominik Fröhlich, Andreas Christen, Andreas Matzarakis. Geometrical Assessment of Sunlit and Shaded Area of Urban Trees Based on Aligned Orthographic Views. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (8):968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarcel Gangwisch; Dominik Fröhlich; Andreas Christen; Andreas Matzarakis. 2021. "Geometrical Assessment of Sunlit and Shaded Area of Urban Trees Based on Aligned Orthographic Views." Atmosphere 12, no. 8: 968.
The analysis of the bioclimatic conditions is becoming increasingly relevant in climate interpretations for human needs, particularly in spatial planning, tourism, public health, sports events, bio-prognosis, etc. In this context, our study presents general temporal bioclimatic conditions in Belgrade, defined based on the PET, mPET and UTCI heat budget indices. Monthly, seasonal and annual indices were analyzed for urban and suburban weather stations based on 43 annual sets of meteorological data obtained by hourly observations at 7 h and 14 h CET. This study aims to present the distribution of PET, mPET and UTCI indices to show the pattern of each index in a mild climate location and to examine annual and seasonal differences of each index in the Belgrade urban center and suburban part of the city. The study results indicate higher biothermal stress in the urban area compared to the suburban zone and that the indices are congruent during the summer. At the same time, during the winter, they are more difficult to compare due to their peculiarities becoming more noticeable. The results obtained of all mean monthly and mean annual values of all three indices clearly indicate the difference that follows the definition of the urban heat island (UHI), particularly those from morning observation and winter season. The UTCI index shows the most significant monthly, seasonal and annual difference between urban and suburban areas for both observations. The annual difference of ΔUTCI7h amounts to 1.5 °C is the same as the annual difference of minimum temperatures (Δtmin). In contrast, the annual differences of ΔPET7h ΔmPET7h are °smaller (0.8 °C and 0.7 °C) and closer to the annual differences of maximum temperatures Δtmax amounted of 0.6 °C.
Milica Pecelj; Andreas Matzarakis; Mirjam Vujadinović; Milan Radovanović; Nemanja Vagić; Dijana Đurić; Milena Cvetkovic. Temporal Analysis of Urban-Suburban PET, mPET and UTCI Indices in Belgrade (Serbia). Atmosphere 2021, 12, 916 .
AMA StyleMilica Pecelj, Andreas Matzarakis, Mirjam Vujadinović, Milan Radovanović, Nemanja Vagić, Dijana Đurić, Milena Cvetkovic. Temporal Analysis of Urban-Suburban PET, mPET and UTCI Indices in Belgrade (Serbia). Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (7):916.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMilica Pecelj; Andreas Matzarakis; Mirjam Vujadinović; Milan Radovanović; Nemanja Vagić; Dijana Đurić; Milena Cvetkovic. 2021. "Temporal Analysis of Urban-Suburban PET, mPET and UTCI Indices in Belgrade (Serbia)." Atmosphere 12, no. 7: 916.
This study quantifies the changes in thermal-stresses due to changes in tree-building-morphology and background-wind, at a site in sub-tropical Patna, India, where new residential buildings are under-construction, after demolishing the old, including felling of around 180 trees. Six morphological-variants are compared through simulations, using the diagnostic model SkyHelios Pro, to identify the individual/synergetic thermal-effects of different morphological-attributes/ background-wind. SkyHelios allows for a fast spatial/temporal analysis of the thermal changes at a point of time/space, giving maximum output parameters. The highest spatial-mean-rise in mean radiant temperature/ physiological equivalent temperature of 3.4/2.9 °C occurs at noon, at background-wind 4.0 m/s, due to trees-removal-area of 30 % and built-up area addition of 79 %, simultaneously. Individual changes manifested by trees and buildings are quantitatively conservative/additive. Buildings contribute heat, related positively to horizontal built-up density, negatively to wind-permeability, and regardless of building-height/volume. Spatial-mean cooling by trees is higher at lower-winds, related positively to plantation-density though not necessarily linearly, depends on tree-building overlaps, ground-conditions, and wind-permeability. Wind-sheltered zones, oblique-narrow canyons, and building-skins are dominant heat-contributors and best beneficiaries of tree-shading at all background-winds. The study is limited to day-hours, excludes thermal-effects of tree-species and building-materials. Recommendations for passively-cooled outdoors, a core-issue concerning thermally-sustainable cities, are proposed.
Venkatesh Raman; Manoj Kumar; Anjali Sharma; Andreas Matzarakis. A quantitative assessment of the dependence of outdoor thermal-stresses on tree-building morphology and wind: A case-study in sub-tropical Patna, India. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 73, 103085 .
AMA StyleVenkatesh Raman, Manoj Kumar, Anjali Sharma, Andreas Matzarakis. A quantitative assessment of the dependence of outdoor thermal-stresses on tree-building morphology and wind: A case-study in sub-tropical Patna, India. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 73 ():103085.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVenkatesh Raman; Manoj Kumar; Anjali Sharma; Andreas Matzarakis. 2021. "A quantitative assessment of the dependence of outdoor thermal-stresses on tree-building morphology and wind: A case-study in sub-tropical Patna, India." Sustainable Cities and Society 73, no. : 103085.
To date, it is well known that the effect of heat or cold on human beings cannot be described and quantified based only on one single meteorological or thermo-physiological parameter
Andreas Matzarakis. Curiosities about Thermal Indices Estimation and Application. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 721 .
AMA StyleAndreas Matzarakis. Curiosities about Thermal Indices Estimation and Application. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (6):721.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Matzarakis. 2021. "Curiosities about Thermal Indices Estimation and Application." Atmosphere 12, no. 6: 721.
During the last decade, the number of open access science journals has increased, and these have become an avenue for publishing quality science in a relatively fast and economical way
Anthony Lupo; Alexander Chernokulsky; Luis Gimeno; Jiafu Mao; Andreas Matzarakis; Chris Tzanis; Chuixiang Yi. Special Issue: 10th Anniversary of Atmosphere: Climatology and Meteorology. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 681 .
AMA StyleAnthony Lupo, Alexander Chernokulsky, Luis Gimeno, Jiafu Mao, Andreas Matzarakis, Chris Tzanis, Chuixiang Yi. Special Issue: 10th Anniversary of Atmosphere: Climatology and Meteorology. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (6):681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnthony Lupo; Alexander Chernokulsky; Luis Gimeno; Jiafu Mao; Andreas Matzarakis; Chris Tzanis; Chuixiang Yi. 2021. "Special Issue: 10th Anniversary of Atmosphere: Climatology and Meteorology." Atmosphere 12, no. 6: 681.
In the era of climate change, before developing and establishing mitigation and adaptation measures that counteract urban heat island (UHI) effects
Andreas Matzarakis. Comments about Urban Bioclimate Aspects for Consideration in Urban Climate and Planning Issues in the Era of Climate Change. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 546 .
AMA StyleAndreas Matzarakis. Comments about Urban Bioclimate Aspects for Consideration in Urban Climate and Planning Issues in the Era of Climate Change. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (5):546.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Matzarakis. 2021. "Comments about Urban Bioclimate Aspects for Consideration in Urban Climate and Planning Issues in the Era of Climate Change." Atmosphere 12, no. 5: 546.
Urban climate modelling and simulations are crucial in the field of human biometeorology in order to assess human thermal comfort within urban environments. The microscale models RayMan and SkyHelios are presented and applied for a study area to show the possibilities and advantages of three-dimensional vector-based modelling for human thermal comfort analysis. The principles of human biometeorology for thermal comfort assessment: mean radiant temperature (Tmrt), physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), and other thermal indices are presented. These parameters are further analyzed to show the spatial effects of shading and wind speed on Tmrt and PET by urban obstacles (e.g., buildings) and vegetation. In addition to that, results with high temporal resolution of several factors and parameters are shown for a location of interest within the study area. Results show that the RayMan model can be best applied for the analysis of thermal comfort at specific points within a model domain, but for long meteorological datasets. The SkyHelios model on the contrary is most suitable for spatial analysis of thermal comfort for large areas like urban districts and in high spatial resolution of, e.g., 1 m.
Andreas Matzarakis; Marcel Gangwisch; Dominik Fröhlich. RayMan and SkyHelios Model. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies 2021, 339 -361.
AMA StyleAndreas Matzarakis, Marcel Gangwisch, Dominik Fröhlich. RayMan and SkyHelios Model. Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies. 2021; ():339-361.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Matzarakis; Marcel Gangwisch; Dominik Fröhlich. 2021. "RayMan and SkyHelios Model." Urban Microclimate Modelling for Comfort and Energy Studies , no. : 339-361.
Facing the impacts of climate change and urbanization, adaptation and resilience to climate extremes have become important issues of global concern
Andreas Matzarakis; Sorin Cheval; Tzu-Ping Lin; Oded Potchter. Challenges in Applied Human Biometeorology. Atmosphere 2021, 12, 296 .
AMA StyleAndreas Matzarakis, Sorin Cheval, Tzu-Ping Lin, Oded Potchter. Challenges in Applied Human Biometeorology. Atmosphere. 2021; 12 (3):296.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Matzarakis; Sorin Cheval; Tzu-Ping Lin; Oded Potchter. 2021. "Challenges in Applied Human Biometeorology." Atmosphere 12, no. 3: 296.
The urban form representation to apply in studies of urban climate is a challenge especially in cities of developing countries. These cities lack planning, thus the urban fabric is heterogeneous and several types of buildings are mixed in the same area. Considering this reality, the paper will compare three methods to calculate urban surface parameters. These parameters were compared with the WUDAPT classification. The software QGIS was used to develop models to calculate the following urban surface parameters: plan area ratio (λp), complete building aspect ratio (λbc), and mean height of buildings (hm). Three grid size were applied for calculations: 100 m, 500 m, and 1 km. λbc was the only geometric property able to express the difference of density and the absolute size of the active surface of buildings as a unique parameter. The methods developed have some advantages: (a) they are based on realistic shapes of buildings, (b) they were developed in a free and open source system, (c) and it is possible to vary the calculation grid size.
Floriberta Binarti; Sugeng Triyadi; M. Donny Koerniawan; Pranowo Pranowo; Andreas Matzarakis. Climate characteristics and the adaptation level to formulate mitigation strategies for a climate-resilient archaeological park. Urban Climate 2021, 36, 100811 .
AMA StyleFloriberta Binarti, Sugeng Triyadi, M. Donny Koerniawan, Pranowo Pranowo, Andreas Matzarakis. Climate characteristics and the adaptation level to formulate mitigation strategies for a climate-resilient archaeological park. Urban Climate. 2021; 36 ():100811.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFloriberta Binarti; Sugeng Triyadi; M. Donny Koerniawan; Pranowo Pranowo; Andreas Matzarakis. 2021. "Climate characteristics and the adaptation level to formulate mitigation strategies for a climate-resilient archaeological park." Urban Climate 36, no. : 100811.
European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees are becoming vulnerable to drought, with a warming climate. Existing studies disagree on how radial growth varies in European beech in response to droughts. We aimed to find the impact of multiple droughts on beech trees’ annual radial growth at their ecological drought limit created by soil water availability in the forest. Besides, we quantified the influence of competition and canopy openness on the mean basal area growth of beech trees. We carried out this study in five near-natural temperate forests in three localities of Germany and Switzerland. We quantified available soil water storage capacity (AWC) in plots laid in the transition zone from oak to beech dominated forests. The plots were classified as ‘dry’ (AWC < 60 mL) and ‘less-dry’ (AWC > 60 mL). We performed dendroecological analyses starting from 1951 in continuous and discontinuous series to study the influence of climatic drought (i.e., precipitation-potential evapotranspiration) on the radial growth of beech trees in dry and less-dry plots. We used observed values for this analysis and did not use interpolated values from interpolated historical records in this study. We selected six drought events to study the resistance, recovery, and resilience of beech trees to drought at a discontinuous level. The radial growth was significantly higher in less-dry plots than dry plots. The increase in drought had reduced tree growth. Frequent climatic drought events resulted in more significant correlations, hence, increased the dependency of tree growth on AWC. We showed that the recovery and resilience to climatic drought were higher in trees in less-dry plots than dry plots, but it was the opposite for resistance. The resistance, recovery, and resilience of the trees were heterogeneous between the events of drought. Mean growth of beech trees (basal area increment) were negatively impacted by neighborhood competition and positively influenced by canopy openness. We emphasized that beech trees growing on soil with low AWC are at higher risk of growth decline. We concluded that changes in soil water conditions even at the microsite level could influence beech trees’ growth in their drought limit under the changing climate. Along with drought, neighborhood competition and lack of light can also reduce beech trees’ growth. This study will enrich the state of knowledge about the ongoing debate on the vulnerability of beech trees to drought in Europe.
Tamalika Chakraborty; Albert Reif; Andreas Matzarakis; Somidh Saha. How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events? Forests 2021, 12, 129 .
AMA StyleTamalika Chakraborty, Albert Reif, Andreas Matzarakis, Somidh Saha. How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events? Forests. 2021; 12 (2):129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamalika Chakraborty; Albert Reif; Andreas Matzarakis; Somidh Saha. 2021. "How Does Radial Growth of Water-Stressed Populations of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Trees Vary under Multiple Drought Events?" Forests 12, no. 2: 129.
Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most important tick-borne viral disease in Eurasia and causes disease in humans and in a number of animals, among them dogs and horses. There is still no good correlation between tick numbers, weather conditions and human cases. There is the hypothesis that co-feeding due to simultaneous occurrence of larvae and nymphs may be a factor for the increased transmission of the virus in nature and for human disease. Based on long-term data from a natural TBEV focus, phylogenetic results and meteorological data we sought to challenge this hypothesis. Methods Ticks from an identified TBE natural focus were sampled monthly from 04/2009 to 12/2018. Ticks were identified and pooled. Pools were tested by RT-qPCR. Positive pools were confirmed by virus isolation and/or sequencing of additional genes (E gene, NS2 gene). Temperature data such as the decadal (10-day) mean daily maximum air temperature (DMDMAT) were obtained from a nearby weather station and statistical correlations between tick occurrence and minimal infection rates (MIR) were calculated. Results In the study period from 04/2009 to 12/2018 a total of 15,530 ticks (2,226 females, 2,268 males, 11,036 nymphs) were collected. The overall MIR in nymphs over the whole period was 77/15,530 (0.49%), ranging from 0.09% (2009) to 1.36% (2015). The overall MIR of female ticks was 0.76% (17/2,226 ticks), range 0.14% (2013) to 3.59% (2016). The overall MIR of males was 0.57% (13/2,268 ticks), range from 0.26% (2009) to 0.97% (2015). The number of nymphs was statistically associated with a later start of spring/vegetation period, indicated by the onset of forsythia flowering. Conclusion There was no particular correlation between DMDMAT dynamics in spring and/or autumn and the MIR of nymphs or adult ticks detected. However, there was a positive correlation between the number of nymphs and the number of reported human TBE cases in the following months, but not in the following year. The hypothesis of the importance of co-feeding of larvae and nymphs for the maintenance of transmission cycle of TBEV in nature is not supported by our findings.
Johannes P. Borde; Klaus Kaier; Philip Hehn; Andreas Matzarakis; Stefan Frey; Malena Bestehorn; Gerhard Dobler; Lidia Chitimia-Dobler. The complex interplay of climate, TBEV vector dynamics and TBEV infection rates in ticks—Monitoring a natural TBEV focus in Germany, 2009–2018. PLOS ONE 2021, 16, e0244668 .
AMA StyleJohannes P. Borde, Klaus Kaier, Philip Hehn, Andreas Matzarakis, Stefan Frey, Malena Bestehorn, Gerhard Dobler, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler. The complex interplay of climate, TBEV vector dynamics and TBEV infection rates in ticks—Monitoring a natural TBEV focus in Germany, 2009–2018. PLOS ONE. 2021; 16 (1):e0244668.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes P. Borde; Klaus Kaier; Philip Hehn; Andreas Matzarakis; Stefan Frey; Malena Bestehorn; Gerhard Dobler; Lidia Chitimia-Dobler. 2021. "The complex interplay of climate, TBEV vector dynamics and TBEV infection rates in ticks—Monitoring a natural TBEV focus in Germany, 2009–2018." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1: e0244668.
A comprehensive analysis of air temperature (Ta) dynamics in “local climate zones” (LCZs) of Novi Sad (Serbia) was based on measurements from 17 stations during 3 years. Hourly changes of Ta, cooling rates (CR), heating rates (HR), and urban heat island (UHI) intensity were assessed on seasonal and annual level and during heat wave (HW) and cold wave (CW) periods. Substantial differences are observed for minimum (Tmin) and mean temperatures (Tmean) between LCZs. Two-phase nocturnal cooling was recognized with the first cooling phase characterized by intensive LCZ dependent cooling starting at 1–3 h before sunset and lasting until 3–4 h after sunset. The second cooling phase lasts until sunrise and is characterized by less intensive and LCZ nondependent cooling. The most intensive cooling (CRpeak) was observed in first cooling phase of HW and ranged from − 1.6 °C h−1 in street canyon (LCZ 2) to − 3.9 °C h−1 in forest (LCZ A). Furthermore, a new cooling indicator (CRtotal) was introduced. Due to cooling differences, the most intensive UHI of 5.5 °C was noticed between LCZs 2 and A at sunset + 1 h during HW. Two-phase diurnal heating was also recognized in LCZs with the first heating phase characterized by intensive LCZ dependent heating starting at sunrise and lasting until 4–7 h afterwards. The most intensive heating (HRpeak) ranged from 2.0 °C h−1 in street canyon to 3.0 °C h−1 in industrial area (LCZ 8) during HW. The second heating phase lasts until sunset and is characterized by less intensive heating and smaller HR differences between LCZs.
Dragan Milošević; Stevan Savić; Milena Kresoja; Zorana Lužanin; Ivan Šećerov; Daniela Arsenović; Jelena Dunjić; Andreas Matzarakis. Analysis of air temperature dynamics in the “local climate zones” of Novi Sad (Serbia) based on long-term database from an urban meteorological network. International Journal of Biometeorology 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleDragan Milošević, Stevan Savić, Milena Kresoja, Zorana Lužanin, Ivan Šećerov, Daniela Arsenović, Jelena Dunjić, Andreas Matzarakis. Analysis of air temperature dynamics in the “local climate zones” of Novi Sad (Serbia) based on long-term database from an urban meteorological network. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDragan Milošević; Stevan Savić; Milena Kresoja; Zorana Lužanin; Ivan Šećerov; Daniela Arsenović; Jelena Dunjić; Andreas Matzarakis. 2021. "Analysis of air temperature dynamics in the “local climate zones” of Novi Sad (Serbia) based on long-term database from an urban meteorological network." International Journal of Biometeorology , no. : 1-14.
The study was conducted to determine thermal stress and its trend in Iran. The atmospheric variables of 304 synoptic stations, including mean temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and cloudiness, for the period 1961–2010, were used to identify the thermal stress conditions in Iran. These data were prepared on a daily basis from the Iran Meteorological Organization. Physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) and standard effective temperature (SET*) were used to identify thermal stress. Also, thermal stress was studied with a simple linear regression method and at a 95% confidence level. The results of the study revealed that in Iran each location can experience different types of environmental conditions throughout the year. At a specified time, thermal stresses of different intensities can be seen. The other results showed that the mountainous regions, especially the highlands of the northwest, along with the Zagros and Alborz mountains, had the highest co‐efficient of variability (> 50%). Also, the southern regions of Iran have both monthly and annual scales with the least co‐efficient of variability (< 20%) in bioclimatic conditions. In general, a diversity of bioclimatic conditions is evident in Iran both temporally and spatially. The other part of the study determined that heat and cold stress and heat comfort had a positive trend (fewer than 60 stations) in parts of Iran, a negative trend in some other parts (more than 50 stations), and no specific trend in the remaining parts (more than 250 stations). Most of the northern stations, especially on the Caspian coast, have been shown to have a positive trend in the event of cold stress. Indeed, extreme bioclimatic conditions (very cold and hot conditions) have been rising in both the southern and northern latitudes of the country. Even in southern parts, a positive trend of cold and very cold conditions can be observed at some stations.
Bakhtiyar Mohammadi; Samireh Barnameh; Andreas Matzarakis. Temporal and spatial analysis of thermal stress and its trend in Iran. Meteorological Applications 2021, 28, e1977 .
AMA StyleBakhtiyar Mohammadi, Samireh Barnameh, Andreas Matzarakis. Temporal and spatial analysis of thermal stress and its trend in Iran. Meteorological Applications. 2021; 28 (1):e1977.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBakhtiyar Mohammadi; Samireh Barnameh; Andreas Matzarakis. 2021. "Temporal and spatial analysis of thermal stress and its trend in Iran." Meteorological Applications 28, no. 1: e1977.
Die Zunahme von Wetter- und Klimaextremen durch den voranschreitenden Klimawandel ist zunehmend mit gesellschaftlichen Beeinträchtigungen und ökonomischen Kosten verbunden. Eine umfassende Quantifizierung und nutzerspezifische Kommunikation dieser sozioökonomischen Klimafolgen an politische und privatwirtschaftliche Entscheider ist für die Vermeidung möglicher Folgen oder eine adäquate Anpassung unerlässlich.
Eine Abschätzung sozioökonomischer Klimafolgen erfordert (i) Daten zur klimatischen Gefährdung, (ii) Informationen zur räumlichen Exposition sozioökonomischer Größen, (iii) Annahmen zur ihrer Sensitivität, als auch (iv) eine Maschinerie, um diese Größen gekoppelt auszuwerten. Hierfür wird in diesem Vortrag die open-source python Plattform CLIMADA [1,2] vorgestellt und zur sozioökonomischen Folgenabschätzung durch Wetter- und Klimaextreme auf Deutschland angewendet. Am Beispiel von extremer Hitze wird demonstriert, wie projizierte klimatische Trends mit unterschiedlichen Szenarien für den demographischen Wandel auf sub-nationaler Skala wechselwirken und so die möglichen Auswirkungen (z.B. durch hitzebedingte Übersterblichkeit [3]) verstärkt werden könnten.
Die Anwendung von CLIMADA ist nicht nur auf Klimaprojektionen beschränkt, sondern erlaubt eine räumlich aufgelöste und nahtlose Bereitstellung von sozioökonomischen Risiken und ökonomischen Schäden durch Wetter- und Klimaextreme von der Wettervorhersage bis zum Ende des Jahrhunderts.
Referenzen:
[1] https://github.com/CLIMADA-project/climada_python
[2] Aznar-Siguan, G. and Bresch, D. N., 2019: CLIMADA v1: a global weather and climate risk assessment platform, Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-3085-2019
[3] an der Heiden, M. et al. Heat-related mortality. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online, doi:10.3238/arztebl.2020.0603 (2020).
Tobias Geiger; Stefan Muthers; Matthias An Der Heiden; Andreas Matzarakis; Frank Kreienkamp. Open-Source Ansatz zur Abschätzung Sozioökonomischer Klimafolgen für Deutschland am Beispiel Extremer Hitze. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleTobias Geiger, Stefan Muthers, Matthias An Der Heiden, Andreas Matzarakis, Frank Kreienkamp. Open-Source Ansatz zur Abschätzung Sozioökonomischer Klimafolgen für Deutschland am Beispiel Extremer Hitze. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTobias Geiger; Stefan Muthers; Matthias An Der Heiden; Andreas Matzarakis; Frank Kreienkamp. 2020. "Open-Source Ansatz zur Abschätzung Sozioökonomischer Klimafolgen für Deutschland am Beispiel Extremer Hitze." , no. : 1.
The aim of this contribution is both to demonstrate and to explore the general assessment pertaining to the effects of atmospheric factors on human health and general wellbeing. While humans are aware of such effects, particularly individually, their concrete and synergetic effects with the human physiological system are, comparatively, not well comprehended. In human biometeorological studies and approaches, the aforementioned effects are analyzed in terms of their effect pathways, and the development of single or complex approaches. Recurrently in the existing literature, such approaches are mostly defined and, respectively, targeted as indexes. The evaluation and assessment of similar factors and parameters that present related effects were subsequently put together and quantified. This approach is described as ‘effective complexes’ or components. The most well-known examples are the thermal complex, air pollution complex (which can be divided into the biological (pollen) and anthropogenic (air pollutants) factors), actinic complex, and finally, the recent or rapid weather changes complex. Most of the approaches focus on the negative effects consequential to the established criteria ranging from empirical outputs, to epidemiological studies. As a result, the presented approach does not only include the negative effects or implications on humans. Instead, it also highlights the neutral and positive effects which were acknowledged by the research. The approach deals furthermore with the combined effects of different complexes or components and incorporates different weightings of the factors based on the disclosed effects. In addition, seasonal and exposure factors are deliberated upon to differentiate annual variability factors. Finally, the presented approach builds upon a way in which to cogitate how the complex interactions associated to weather and climate can be quantified in a more appropriate way in the context of human health. The approach aims to be applied for a specific weather forecast enabling the communication and balance between human health factors, and also more encompassing climatic analysis.
Andreas Matzarakis. A Note on the Assessment of the Effect of Atmospheric Factors and Components on Humans. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1283 .
AMA StyleAndreas Matzarakis. A Note on the Assessment of the Effect of Atmospheric Factors and Components on Humans. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (12):1283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndreas Matzarakis. 2020. "A Note on the Assessment of the Effect of Atmospheric Factors and Components on Humans." Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1283.
Numerous extreme heatwaves producing large impacts on human health, agriculture, water resources, energy demand, regional economies, and forest ecosystems occurred during the first twenty years of the 21st century. The present study strives to provide a systematic review of recent studies of warm biometeorological extremes in Europe. The main aim of this paper is to provide a methodical summary of the observed changes in warm extremes, duration, and variability in different parts of Europe. During the last decade, much attention has been paid to the negative impacts of heat and humidity on human health. Therefore, the human biometeorology is required to appraise the human thermal environment in a way that human thermoregulation is taken into account. In many European countries and regions, future heat exposure will indeed exceed critical levels, and a steep increase in biometeorological heatwaves and warm extremes are expected. The indices that take into account human energy balance along with weather conditions should be used to examine the impacts of extreme heatwaves on human health and should be used as a basis for the determination of acclimatization to high-heat-stress conditions. A detailed description of recent studies that have used biometeorological indices such as Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) for the estimation of warm extremes and their influence on human health is provided. Additionally, a short overview of the existence of the heat-health warning systems (HHWS), their conceptualization, and implementation across the European continent is considered, as well as the possibilities for further investigations and implementation of effective measures and programs that could reduce the adverse health impacts.
Biljana Basarin; Tin Lukić; Andreas Matzarakis. Review of Biometeorology of Heatwaves and Warm Extremes in Europe. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1276 .
AMA StyleBiljana Basarin, Tin Lukić, Andreas Matzarakis. Review of Biometeorology of Heatwaves and Warm Extremes in Europe. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (12):1276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiljana Basarin; Tin Lukić; Andreas Matzarakis. 2020. "Review of Biometeorology of Heatwaves and Warm Extremes in Europe." Atmosphere 11, no. 12: 1276.
The disclosed study undertook a ‘human centred-approach’ that ascertained and categorised environmental human thermophysiological risk factors by relating them to the human biometeorological system through the use of three widely utilised energy balance model (EBM) indices, the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET), the modified PET, and the universal thermal climate index (UTCI). The disclosed assessment was carried out over the past decade (i.e., 2010–2019) with a 3-h temporal resolution for the case of Ankara through two WMO meteorological stations to compare both local urban and peri-urban environmental conditions. The study recognised extreme annual variability of human physiological stress (PS) during the different seasons as a result of the biometeorological processing of the singular variables, which in the case of average PET for both stations, varied by up to 75 °C between the winter and summer for the same annual dataset (2012). In addition, all EBMs indicated higher heat stress within the city centre that were conducive of both urban extreme heatwaves and very hot days during the summer months, with extreme heat stress levels lasting for longer than a week with PET values reaching a maximum of 48 °C. Similar cold extremes were found for the winter months, with PET values reaching − 30 °C, and average PS levels varying lower in the case of the peri-urban station.Graphical abstract
A. Santos Nouri; Y. Afacan; O. Çalışkan; Tzu-Ping Lin; A. Matzarakis. Approaching environmental human thermophysiological thresholds for the case of Ankara, Turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2020, 143, 533 -555.
AMA StyleA. Santos Nouri, Y. Afacan, O. Çalışkan, Tzu-Ping Lin, A. Matzarakis. Approaching environmental human thermophysiological thresholds for the case of Ankara, Turkey. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2020; 143 (1-2):533-555.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Santos Nouri; Y. Afacan; O. Çalışkan; Tzu-Ping Lin; A. Matzarakis. 2020. "Approaching environmental human thermophysiological thresholds for the case of Ankara, Turkey." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 143, no. 1-2: 533-555.
It is quite difficult to investigate thermal comfort in hot–humid regions, and there have not been many real case studies or research related to this issue. In this article, four running events held in nearby popular travel spots in Kaohsiung, the largest city in southern Taiwan, were selected to analyze the influence of thermal environment and air quality on thermal comfort. Mostly real time environmental monitoring data were applied for estimating thermal indicators, along with Sky View Factor (SVF) data taken at the sites of the running scheduled routes, to analyze the thermal performance of participants at running events. Compared with runners, walkers (local residents, fans, and staff of the events) would be exposed to a greater risk of thermal discomfort with increasing time spent on the routes. With the integrated analysis, mPET (modified physiologically equivalent temperature) can be viewed as a relatively comprehensive indicator in considering both environmental thermal conditions and the biometrical differences of activities and clothing types. From the results, a good correlation between mPET and solar radiation/SVF was obtained, which indicated that mPET could be sufficiently sensible in revealing the thermal condition variation from one site to another during the route with time. Based on the discomfort risk assessment, for runners, the event held in autumn with lower SVF at the route sites would be less risky of thermal discomfort, while the event held in spring with lower solar radiation would be more comfortable for walkers. As for air quality condition, the inappropriateness of holding winter outdoor activities in Kaohsiung was obviously shown in both real time monitoring data and long term analysis.
Si-Yu Yu; Andreas Matzarakis; Tzu-Ping Lin. A Study of the Thermal Environment and Air Quality in Hot–Humid Regions during Running Events in Southern Taiwan. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1101 .
AMA StyleSi-Yu Yu, Andreas Matzarakis, Tzu-Ping Lin. A Study of the Thermal Environment and Air Quality in Hot–Humid Regions during Running Events in Southern Taiwan. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (10):1101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSi-Yu Yu; Andreas Matzarakis; Tzu-Ping Lin. 2020. "A Study of the Thermal Environment and Air Quality in Hot–Humid Regions during Running Events in Southern Taiwan." Atmosphere 11, no. 10: 1101.
As a consequence of global warming, heat waves are expected to become more frequent, more intense, and longer. The elderly and persons with chronic diseases are especially vulnerable to health problems due to heat. This article is devoted to the question of the extent to which the effects of heat waves in Germany are changing over time, and whether preventive health measures are working. We use a statistical model to quantify the effect of high mean temperatures on mortality. Within this model, different exposure-response curves for the three temporal intervals 1992–2000, 2001–2010, and 2011–2017 are estimated. Attention is also paid to the delayed effect on mortality of high mean temperatures in the preceding week. Our analysis reveals a clear, systematic association of the mean temperature in the current week, as well as the mean temperature in the preceding week, with weekly mortality. This association is more pronounced for higher age groups and decreases over the years under analysis, with the exception of a relatively weak effect of heat in southern Germany in 1992–2000. The strongest effects were related to the heat waves in 1994 and 2003, with approximately 10 200 and 9600 fatalities, respectively. Approximately 7800 fatalities were estimated for the summer of 2006, and 4700 and 5200 for 2010 and 2015, respectively. In Germany, as elsewhere, climate change has been causing more frequent, more intense, and longer periods of heat in the summer. The harmful effect of heat on health is reduced by adaptive processes, presumably including successful preventive measures. Such measures should be extended in the future, and perhaps complemented by other measures in order to further diminish the effect of heat on mortality.
Matthias An der Heiden; Stefan Muthers; Hildegard Niemann; Udo Buchholz; Linus Grabenhenrich; Andreas Matzarakis. Heat-Related Mortality: An Analysis of the Impact of Heatwaves in Germany Between 1992 and 2017. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online 2020, 117, 603 -609.
AMA StyleMatthias An der Heiden, Stefan Muthers, Hildegard Niemann, Udo Buchholz, Linus Grabenhenrich, Andreas Matzarakis. Heat-Related Mortality: An Analysis of the Impact of Heatwaves in Germany Between 1992 and 2017. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. 2020; 117 (37):603-609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthias An der Heiden; Stefan Muthers; Hildegard Niemann; Udo Buchholz; Linus Grabenhenrich; Andreas Matzarakis. 2020. "Heat-Related Mortality: An Analysis of the Impact of Heatwaves in Germany Between 1992 and 2017." Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online 117, no. 37: 603-609.
The incorporation of climate and environmental resources into the sustainable development of contemporary tourism is a challenge that requires special attention. From this imperative approach, the trustworthy information on local tourism-related climate and bioclimate conditions is a growing need, and influences the tourists’ travel decision-making process. This study aims to increase the sensitivity towards tourism-related climate information to support an adjusted and responsible planning in the tourism industry in Barcelona, Spain. The assessment of local climate and bioclimate conditions was conducted by using meteorological data from 2007 to 2017. Accordingly, a bioclimatological brochure with practical use was designed integrating thermal, esthetic, and physical climate facets for tourism, which were analyzed in 10-day intervals and combined with the Climate-Tourism-Information-Scheme (CTIS). The CTIS of Barcelona highlights that the most suitable climatic and bioclimatic conditions last from the end of February to the first 10 days of June, and from September to mid-November, where all analyzed parameters converge at a relatively high rate of ideal conditions. This study certainly is a contribution on how to evaluate the climate and bioclimate for a defined destination from the perspective of tourism. The results here provided are crucial for tourism planners, visitors, tourism attendees, and health authorities. Furthermore, they should be used to encourage and establish decisive strategies to mitigate the seasonality of tourism.
José Rodríguez-Algeciras; José Abel Rodríguez Algeciras; Mabel Chaos-Yeras; Andreas Matzarakis. Tourism-related climate information for adjusted and responsible planning in the tourism industry in Barcelona, Spain. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2020, 142, 1003 -1014.
AMA StyleJosé Rodríguez-Algeciras, José Abel Rodríguez Algeciras, Mabel Chaos-Yeras, Andreas Matzarakis. Tourism-related climate information for adjusted and responsible planning in the tourism industry in Barcelona, Spain. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2020; 142 (3-4):1003-1014.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Rodríguez-Algeciras; José Abel Rodríguez Algeciras; Mabel Chaos-Yeras; Andreas Matzarakis. 2020. "Tourism-related climate information for adjusted and responsible planning in the tourism industry in Barcelona, Spain." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 142, no. 3-4: 1003-1014.