As part of urban green space and emergency shelters, refuge green spaces (RGS) contribute significantly to the resilience of cities to natural disasters. In contrast, few studies have been conducted to assess the equity of RGS in relation to their planning layout. The presented research aims to quantitatively evaluate the equity of RGS within Chengdu’s Third Ring Road, and to propose corresponding optimization measures in conjunction with future green space planning. The rapid evacuation capacity of the RGS was evaluated by calculating the equity of the RGS in walking modes of 5, 10 and 15 min using an improved three-step floating catchment area method (3SFCA). Based on the results, RGS had an average equity in the study area. The total number of RGS within the Third Ring Road of Chengdu was insufficient, with an uneven spatial distribution and a structure to be optimized. The rapid evacuation capacity of RGS in 5 and 10 min needs to be further improved. The short-term resettlement capacity of RGS after 15 min was relatively good. Using Moran’s I index, the RGS equity and house price results were analyzed and no significant aggregation and polarization were observed. Following the evaluation, recommendations are made for optimizing and adding future RGS in accordance with Chengdu Green Space System Planning. The equity of RGS has been significantly improved after optimization, which can meet the needs of over 90% of residents for 15 min. This study provided feasible suggestions for the layout and structural optimization of the future RGS within the Third Ring Road of Chengdu, which aimed to create a RGS network with complex functions, to meet the multiple needs of citizens.

Refuge Green Space (RGS) plays roles in both rapid evacuation and short-term resettlement in response to sudden natural hazards, especially geological disasters. As a result, its evaluation and location optimization are crucial for the development of sustainable cities. In this study, the Three-Step Floating Catchment Area Method (3SFCA) and Moran’s I index were used as measurement models. The rapid evacuation and short-term resettlement capacity of RGS were evaluated by calculating accessibility with 5, 10, 15 and 30 min of walking. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the supply capacity of RGS in the central area of Tianjin and to provide recommendations for future additions to RGS. The results show that over 80% of the research area exhibited relatively poor service capacity within a 5–10 min walking distance, while less than 20% exhibited relatively good service capacity. Within a 15–30 min walking distance, approximately 60% of the study area was not well served by the RGS, while approximately 40% was well served. In conclusion, the layout of RGS in the central area of Tianjin exhibits unevenness and polarization of phenomena, and the supply of different categories of RGS varies widely. There is an insufficient supply of Emergency Sheltered Green Space and Temporary Sheltered Green Space, and that which is available is difficult to reach within 5–10 min. The coverage capacity of Disaster Prevention Park Space is relatively good, essentially covering the entire study area within a 15–30 min walking distance; however, the service capacity is average. Based on these conclusions, areas in which the RGS supply was weak were identified, and future potential RGS additions were identified in conjunction with the Green Space System Plan.

In response to the global challenge of population ageing, active ageing has emerged as a key strategy. Urban parks, as core elements of an age-friendly city’s physical and social infrastructure, play a vital role in enhancing older adults’ well-being. This study aims to construct a framework for age-friendly park development integrating dual supply–demand perspectives. The framework systematically defines Space Friendly and Service Friendly attributes under the supply dimension, and Spatial Differences and Social Differences under the demand dimension. Space Friendly denotes the accessible, safe, and comfortable physical design of parks. Service Friendly encompasses soft services such as management, maintenance, and programming. Spatial Differences address heterogeneous demands arising from geographic location and park type. Social Differences focus on diverse needs stemming from socio-economic status. By utilizing the Coupling Coordination Degree Model (CCM) and the Entropy Weight Method, this study developed a comprehensive evaluation system. The model results indicated that Space Friendly and Service Friendly were weighted at 39.63% and 60.37%, respectively, while Spatial Differences and Social Differences were weighted at 44.28% and 55.72%, respectively. The results in the research area indicated that 8.11% of the blocks fell into the Disorder Recession Class, 24.33% belonged to the Transitional Development Class, and 67.56% were classified under Coordinated Development Class. Overall, the age-friendliness of park resources in the study area was relatively high. Nevertheless, significant spatial disparities existed between the central areas and peripheral areas. Based on the characteristics of different blocks, this study proposed targeted optimization strategies. By offering quantitative tools and strategic guidance, this research provides an interdisciplinary method on evaluating age-friendliness of urban park resources.