During mining, only 4–8% is converted to final products, and the rest is accumulated in landfills. There is a lack of research on the study of various patterns and mechanisms of the formation of cement clinker minerals during the simultaneous distillation of zinc. This paper presents studies of thermodynamic stimulation of environmental and population protection by utilization of technogenic enrichment waste as secondary raw materials for clinker production and zinc extraction. In particular, a comparison of the Gibbs energy (ΔG) of clinker formation under standard chemical equations and under non-standard chemical equations is given. According to the results of the study, using thermodynamic simulation, the temperature intervals of mineral formation, the dependence of the Gibbs energy on temperature (ΔG_T°), and the approximation equations were found; it was established that the presence of zinc ferrite contributes to the intensification of the formation of clinker minerals and the extraction of Zn to gas.

This study investigates the ultrasound-assisted leaching of Li and Co from spent batteries using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of polyethylene glycol and thiourea. The synergistic effect of ultrasound and DESs was explored to enhance the efficiency of Li and Co recovery. The experimental results demonstrated that ultrasound significantly accelerates the leaching process, achieving up to four times higher recovery rates compared to traditional methods. Optimal leaching conditions were identified at a solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.02 g/g, a temperature of 160 °C, and periodic ultrasound exposure. Under these conditions, the leaching efficiency reached 74% for Li and 71% for Co within 24 h. A kinetic analysis revealed that the ultrasound application shifts the rate-limiting step from a mixed control of mass transfer and chemical reactions to predominantly chemical reaction control, reducing the activation energy by approximately 27%.