Device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the most promising technologies in wireless cellular networks that can be employed to improve spectral and energy efficiency, increase data rates, and reduce links latency. This paper investigates fifth generation and beyond (5GB) networks, the basics of D2D communication, applications, and classification. Herein, D2D in in-band (IBD) and out-band (OBD) modes are discussed. This paper also presents the integration of D2D communication with other prominent technologies and demonstrates the importance of integration with possible solutions in improving network performance. We further investigate the challenges of D2D communication, opportunities, and future research directions of D2D in 5GB networks. In addition, D2D communication in 6G network challenges and open research areas are introduced.

Recently, High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) has been chosen to replace previous video coding standards, such as H.263 and H.264. Despite the efficiency of HEVC, it still lacks reliable and practical functionalities to support authentication and copyright applications. In order to provide this support, several watermarking techniques have been proposed by many researchers during the last few years. However, those techniques are still suffering from many issues that need to be considered for future designs. In this paper, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is introduced to identify HEVC challenges and potential research directions for interested researchers and developers. The time scope of this SLR covers all research articles published during the last six years starting from January 2014 up to the end of April 2020. Forty-two articles have met the criteria of selection out of 343 articles published in this area during the mentioned time scope. A new classification has been drawn followed by an identification of the challenges of implementing HEVC watermarking techniques based on the analysis and discussion of those chosen articles. Eventually, recommendations for HEVC watermarking techniques have been listed to help researchers to improve the existing techniques or to design new efficient ones.

Fifth Generation (5G) is the new evolution of mobile communication technology and will be launched soon in many countries. The researchers and designers of mobile communication technology have been facing the increasing demand of the mobile consumers, high data rates and mobility requirements needed by new wireless applications. Most of the countries have started research on 5G mobile communication technology that is predictable to be launched on 2020 in conjunction with the Olympic Games in Tokyo. Filterbank Multicarrier (FBMC) is one of the modulation techniques for the future 5G mobile communication technology. It uses the multicarrier techniques that are immune to fading caused by transmission of more than one path at a time and also immune to intersymbol interference besides able to function effectively compared to Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) which is used in Fourth Generation (4G) mobile communications technology. This paper discusses the performance of FBMC over OFDM based on the previous journals that were investigated by researchers.

Optical wireless communication has the potential for extremely high data rates of up to tens of Gb/s. In this study, a hybrid modulation technique named adaptive differential amplitude pulse‐position modulation (DAPPM) is proposed to improve channel immunity by utilising optimised modulation to channel. The unit transmission rate, channel capacity, peak‐to‐average power ratio, bandwidth requirement and power requirement of the DAPPM were determined and compared with other modulation schemes such as on–off key, pulse‐amplitude modulation, pulse‐position modulation (PPM), differential PPM and multilevel digital pulse interval modulation. The simulation results show that DAPPM gives better bandwidth and power efficiency depending on the number of amplitude level ( A ) and the maximum length ( L ) of a symbol. In addition, the fuzzy logic module is developed to assist the adaptation process of DAPPM. Mamdani fuzzy logic method is used in which the decisions made by the system will be approaching to what would be decided by the user in the real world.

High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is a new video codec scheme, which has been published lately in 2013 by the ITU-T and ISO/IEC. The HEVC codec standards is a compressed video format; thus, its content cannot intentionally tamper unless decoding the video streams into to the spatial domain. In order for attackers to tamper any HEVC video content, the video stream should be initially decompressed into frames, then re-compressed. Recently, the video tampering detection has been used as a tool for supporting forensics and authentication process. By detecting the second compression, the integrity of video contents can be authenticated. In this paper, a novel method for distinguishing double-compression in HEVC is proposed, even if the same quantization parameter value is used in both compression processes. Our method is based on analyzing changes in the quantized residual DST coefficients and the values of intra-prediction modes. This approach increases the ability to discriminate the single and double compression in HEVC sequence streams, which can be utilized as an indication of double compression tampering. Several HEVC video classes are used to carry out the experiments, where the results show a high level of accuracy and efficiency for most quantization parameter values.