Water splitting is essential for storing sustainable energy and producing hydrogen in an environmentally friendly manner. In recent years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained recognition for their versatility, characterized by their large surface areas, adjustable porosity, and ability to undergo easy composition modification. These properties make MOFs and their derivatives promising candidates for catalyzing water electrolysis. The MOF studied here contains cobalt as its metal center and a Schiff base linker derived from 2-aminobenzoic acid and terephthalaldehyde. The synthesized powder underwent thorough analysis using techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and thermal analysis. The efficiency of the Co-MOF in water splitting was assessed, demonstrating significant catalytic performance comparable to other modified MOF catalysts reported in literature. Specifically, the hydrogen evolution electrode achieved a current density of 10 mA/cm² with an overpotential of 37 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a Tafel slope of approximately 100 mV dec⁻¹. For oxygen evolution at 100 mA/cm², an overpotential of 803 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) and a Tafel slope of 226.6 mV dec⁻¹ were observed.

Water treatment has become a pressing global issue due to the increasing number of pollution sources. Among the major contributors to water contamination is the widespread use of dyes, such as Alizarin Red S, across various industries. In this study, Zn-MOF nanoparticles were prepared using the conventional solvothermal method and characterized through Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption performance of Zn-MOF nanoparticles for removing Alizarin Red S (ARS) was investigated using batch adsorption experiments. Key parameters, including Zn-MOF dosage, initial ARS concentration, pH and contact time were evaluated under ambient conditions. The results demonstrated an ARS removal efficiency of approximately 71% at pH 4, a Zn-MOF dosage of 1 g/L and a primary ARS concentration of 20 ppm within 40 min. Additionally, the material exhibited reusability for up to three cycles, maintaining a removal efficiency of 60%. Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin were three isotherm and kinetic models applied to illustrate the adsorption mechanism. Adsorption was found to align with the Langmuir isotherm model as well as following pseudo-second-order kinetics.

One of the most powerful anticoagulant rodenticides is bromadiolone and its detection is essential because of its extensive application and possible environmental and health risks. Bromadiolone is a highly potent second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide that poses significant risks to both human health and the environment. Due to its high toxicity, even low levels of exposure can lead to severe poisoning in non-target species, including pets, wildlife, and humans. Furthermore, bromadiolone is known for its environmental persistence, accumulating in ecosystems and entering food chains. Therefore, the sensitive and accurate detection of bromadiolone residues is essential for monitoring contamination, ensuring public safety and guiding appropriate regulatory measures. Effective detection methods play a vital role in minimizing accidental poisoning, assessing environmental impact, and supporting forensic investigations related to toxic exposure incidents. This study presents the preparation and characterization of lead organic frameworks (Pb-MOFs) designed for the selective and sensitive detection of bromadiolone. Utilizing a combination of transition metals and organic linkers, we developed a series of MOFs with tailored pore sizes and functional groups to enhance their interaction with bromadiolone molecules. The synthesized MOFs were characterized through multiple techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, to verify their crystalline structure, morphology, functional groups, surface area, and pore size. The surface area was determined to be 1304.27 m² g^− 1 according to the BET analysis. With an average pore size of 4.61 nm, the calculated total pore volume was 2.13 cm³g^− 1. An important step forward in chemical research is the utilization of the produced Pb-MOF in the electrochemical detection of the powerful anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone. We incorporated lead ions into the MOF structure to enhance its electrochemical sensitivity, enabling high detection of bromadiolone..