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Forest management planning requires the specification of measurable objectives as desired future conditions at spatial extents ranging from stands to landscapes and temporal extents ranging from a single growing season to several centuries. Effective implementation of forest management requires understanding current conditions and constraints well enough to apply the appropriate silvicultural strategies to produce desired future conditions, often for multiple objectives, at varying spatial and temporal extents. We administered an online survey to forest managers in the eastern US to better understand how wildlife scientists could best provide information to help meet wildlife-related habitat objectives. We then examined more than 1000 review papers on bird–vegetation relationships in the eastern US compiled during a systematic review of the primary literature to see how well this evidence-base meets the information needs of forest managers. We identified two main areas where wildlife scientists could increase the relevance and applicability of their research. First, forest managers want descriptions of wildlife species–vegetation relationships using the operational metrics of forest management (forest type, tree species composition, basal area, tree density, stocking rates, etc.) summarized at the operational spatial units of forest management (stands, compartments, and forests). Second, forest managers want information about how to provide wildlife habitats for many different species with varied habitat needs across temporal extents related to the ecological processes of succession after harvest or natural disturbance (1–2 decades) or even longer periods of stand development. We provide examples of review papers that meet these information needs of forest managers and topic-specific bibliographies of additional review papers that may contain actionable information for foresters who wish to meet wildlife management objectives. We suggest that wildlife scientists become more familiar with the extensive grey literature on forest bird–vegetation relationships and forest management that is available in natural resource management agency reports. We also suggest that wildlife scientists could reconsider everything from the questions they ask, the metrics they report on, and the way they allocate samples in time and space, to provide more relevant and actionable information to forest managers.
Casey Lott; Michael Akresh; Bridgett Costanzo; Anthony D’Amato; Shengwu Duan; Cameron Fiss; Jacob Fraser; Hong He; David King; Darin McNeil; Scott Stoleson; Mariko Yamasaki; Jeffery Larkin. Do Review Papers on Bird–Vegetation Relationships Provide Actionable Information to Forest Managers in the Eastern United States? Forests 2021, 12, 990 .
AMA StyleCasey Lott, Michael Akresh, Bridgett Costanzo, Anthony D’Amato, Shengwu Duan, Cameron Fiss, Jacob Fraser, Hong He, David King, Darin McNeil, Scott Stoleson, Mariko Yamasaki, Jeffery Larkin. Do Review Papers on Bird–Vegetation Relationships Provide Actionable Information to Forest Managers in the Eastern United States? Forests. 2021; 12 (8):990.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCasey Lott; Michael Akresh; Bridgett Costanzo; Anthony D’Amato; Shengwu Duan; Cameron Fiss; Jacob Fraser; Hong He; David King; Darin McNeil; Scott Stoleson; Mariko Yamasaki; Jeffery Larkin. 2021. "Do Review Papers on Bird–Vegetation Relationships Provide Actionable Information to Forest Managers in the Eastern United States?" Forests 12, no. 8: 990.
Direct effects of climate change (i.e., temperature rise, changes in seasonal precipitation, wind patterns, and atmospheric stability) affect fire regimes of boreal forests by altering fire behavior, fire seasons, and fuel moisture. Climate change also alters species composition and fuel characteristics, which subsequently alter fire regimes. However, indirect effects of climate change are often simplified or neglected in the direct climate‐fire relationship models and dynamic global vegetation models. This may result in high uncertainties associated with existing projections of fire regimes for climate change scenarios. Moreover, few studies have examined fire regime predictions beyond the 21st century, and consequently, how the fire regimes of boreal forests would respond to climate change at the long‐term (>100 years) is not clear. We develop a coupled modeling framework integrating direct and indirect effects of climate change to predict fire occurrence probability and burned area for boreal forests in northeastern China. We applied repeated‐measures ANOVA to quantify direct and indirect effects of climate change on fire regimes in the short (0‐50 years), medium (60‐100 years), and long‐term (150‐200 years). Results showed that for the 21st century, direct effects of climate change are likely to exert a stronger influence on fire regimes than indirect effects. However, increases in fire occurrence probability and burned area will accelerate the transition of boreal forests to temperate forests in the period 2100‐2200, and thereby reduce fire occurrence probability and burned area. This suggests that vegetation change will mediate direct effects of climate change on fire regimes of boreal forests at the long‐term. Synthesis and applications. Vegetation change will mediate direct effects of climate change on fire regimes of boreal forests at the long‐term. This finding suggested that policy makers may consider adaptive management by planting deciduous species to reduce fire occurrence probability and resistant management by reducing competition to promote boreal species under changing climate conditions.
Chao Huang; Hong S. He; Yu Liang; Todd J. Hawbaker; Paul D. Henne; Wenru Xu; Peng Gong; Zhiliang Zhu. The changes in species composition mediate direct effects of climate change on future fire regimes of boreal forests in northeastern China. Journal of Applied Ecology 2021, 58, 1336 -1345.
AMA StyleChao Huang, Hong S. He, Yu Liang, Todd J. Hawbaker, Paul D. Henne, Wenru Xu, Peng Gong, Zhiliang Zhu. The changes in species composition mediate direct effects of climate change on future fire regimes of boreal forests in northeastern China. Journal of Applied Ecology. 2021; 58 (6):1336-1345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChao Huang; Hong S. He; Yu Liang; Todd J. Hawbaker; Paul D. Henne; Wenru Xu; Peng Gong; Zhiliang Zhu. 2021. "The changes in species composition mediate direct effects of climate change on future fire regimes of boreal forests in northeastern China." Journal of Applied Ecology 58, no. 6: 1336-1345.
Trees at temperature-limited alpine treeline are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. However, few studies have directly linked the recruitment and growth of juvenile trees to climate warming to investigate the processes underlying climate-induced alpine treeline shift. On the cold-humid Changbai Mountain of northeastern China, almost no tree recruitment occurred above the current treeline on the west side before 1985, whereas considerable recruitment has occurred since 1985. To investigate whether this recent recruitment was caused by warming temperatures, we established a 450 m × 50 m permanent plot above the current alpine treeline. We used dendrochronology to reconstruct the time series of recruitment of Betula ermanii juveniles. In addition, we used open top chambers (OTCs) to increase the growing season day-time temperature by c. 2.8°C and thereby to study the growth responses of juvenile trees to future warmer conditions beyond the current treeline. We found that tree recruitment increased substantially during a period of warmer summer temperatures since 1985, showing a high sensitivity of tree recruitment to temperature above the alpine treeline. The daily stem radial increment recorded by dendrometers was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with soil water content, indicating no water limitation. Correspondingly, the increase in radial growth in OTCs was primarily a consequence of higher temperatures, especially in July. The regression slope between stem radial growth and temperature in the OTCs did not differ from that in ambient controls, indicating that the sensitivity of stem radial growth to temperature was not altered by warming. These suggest that future climate warming will induce increases in tree recruitment and growth above the alpine treeline. Our results revealed a direct link between temperature and recruitment and growth of juvenile trees, and that climate warming will likely cause forests to advance beyond the alpine treeline.
Haibo Du; Mai-He Li; Christian Rixen; Shengwei Zong; Michael Stambaugh; Lirong Huang; Hong S. He; Zhengfang Wu. Sensitivity of recruitment and growth of alpine treeline birch to elevated temperature. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2021, 304-305, 108403 .
AMA StyleHaibo Du, Mai-He Li, Christian Rixen, Shengwei Zong, Michael Stambaugh, Lirong Huang, Hong S. He, Zhengfang Wu. Sensitivity of recruitment and growth of alpine treeline birch to elevated temperature. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2021; 304-305 ():108403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaibo Du; Mai-He Li; Christian Rixen; Shengwei Zong; Michael Stambaugh; Lirong Huang; Hong S. He; Zhengfang Wu. 2021. "Sensitivity of recruitment and growth of alpine treeline birch to elevated temperature." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 304-305, no. : 108403.
1. The effects of changing climate and disturbance on mountain forest carbon stocks vary with tree species distributions and over elevational gradients. Warming can increase carbon uptake by stimulating productivity at high elevations but also enhance carbon release by increasing respiration and the frequency, intensity, and size of wildfires. 2. To understand the consequences of climate change for temperate mountain forests, we simulated interactions among climate, wildfire, tree species, and their combined effects on regional carbon stocks in forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA with the LANDIS‐II landscape change model. Simulations used historical climate and future potential climate represented by downscaled projections from five general circulation models (GCMs) that bracket the range of variability under the representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 emissions scenario. 3. Total ecosystem carbon increased by 67% through 2100 in simulations with historical climate, and by 38 – 69% with GCM climate. Differences in carbon uptake among GCMs resulted primarily from variation in area burned, not productivity. Warming increased productivity by extending the growing season, especially near upper treeline, but did not offset biomass losses to fire. By 2100, simulated area burned increased by 27 – 215% under GCM climate, with the largest increases after 2050. With warming >3 °C in mean annual temperature, the increased frequency of large fires reduced live carbon stocks by 4 – 36% relative to the control, historical climate scenario. However, relative losses in total carbon were delayed under GCMs with large increases in summer precipitation and buffered by carbon retained in soils and the wood of fire‐killed trees. Increasing fire size limited seed dispersal, and reductions in soil moisture limited seedling establishment; both effects will likely constrain long‐term forest regeneration and carbon uptake. 4. Synthesis.Forests in the GYE can maintain a carbon sink through the mid‐century in a warming climate but continued warming may cause the loss of forest area, live aboveground biomass, and ultimately, ecosystem carbon. Future changes in carbon stocks in similar forests throughout western North America will depend on regional thresholds for extensive wildfire and forest regeneration and therefore, changes may occur earlier in drier regions.
Paul D. Henne; Todd J. Hawbaker; Robert M. Scheller; Feng Zhao; Hong S. He; Wenru Xu; Zhiliang Zhu. Increased burning in a warming climate reduces carbon uptake in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem despite productivity gains. Journal of Ecology 2020, 109, 1148 -1169.
AMA StylePaul D. Henne, Todd J. Hawbaker, Robert M. Scheller, Feng Zhao, Hong S. He, Wenru Xu, Zhiliang Zhu. Increased burning in a warming climate reduces carbon uptake in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem despite productivity gains. Journal of Ecology. 2020; 109 (3):1148-1169.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaul D. Henne; Todd J. Hawbaker; Robert M. Scheller; Feng Zhao; Hong S. He; Wenru Xu; Zhiliang Zhu. 2020. "Increased burning in a warming climate reduces carbon uptake in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem despite productivity gains." Journal of Ecology 109, no. 3: 1148-1169.
In the cold temperate zone of the western and southern slopes of the Changbai Mountain, Betula ermanii Cham. forest, Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carrière forest, and mixed forests of B. ermanii and P. jezoensis are heterogeneously distributed in a mosaic of patches, and the reason for this formation is still unclear. In August 1986, a typhoon disturbed the forests on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain, forming a large number of forest gaps. After more than 30 years of vegetation succession, vegetation patches in wind-stricken areas are obvious. To reveal the effects of catastrophic wind on the patch mosaic structure of these forests, a study was carried out in the cold temperate wind-stricken areas of the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain. Vegetation differences were classified according to the degree of vegetation damage by the catastrophic wind and the status of vegetation restoration was investigated, as well as the soil fertility was determined. The results show that the degree of forest damage caused by the catastrophic wind is not homogeneous, and there are significant differences in community composition and structure in the wind-stricken areas. After 30 years of restoration, some of the differences in damaged forests have been enhanced. The heterogeneity of vegetation in wind-stricken areas is due to both the difference in the degree of catastrophic wind damage and the differences in the succession of the damaged vegetation. There is a strong correlation between vegetation and soil fertility, and the variation in soil fertility strengthens the heterogeneity of vegetation in wind-stricken areas. Therefore, it can be inferred that several catastrophic wind disasters may occur in the history, which resulted in succession from shrub and herb to B. ermanii forest and then from B. ermanii forest to P. jezoensis forest on the western and southern slopes. This pattern of disturbance and succession formed the patch mosaic distribution pattern of the forests on Changbai Mountain.
Yinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Yan Tao; Huiyun Wang; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Chen Zhao; Xinli Shui; Mai-He Li. Effects of catastrophic wind disturbance on formation of forest patch mosaic structure on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain. Forest Ecology and Management 2020, 481, 118746 .
AMA StyleYinghua Jin, Jiawei Xu, Hongshi He, Yan Tao, Huiyun Wang, Yingjie Zhang, Rui Hu, Xiang Gao, Yunyu Bai, Chen Zhao, Xinli Shui, Mai-He Li. Effects of catastrophic wind disturbance on formation of forest patch mosaic structure on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain. Forest Ecology and Management. 2020; 481 ():118746.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Yan Tao; Huiyun Wang; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Chen Zhao; Xinli Shui; Mai-He Li. 2020. "Effects of catastrophic wind disturbance on formation of forest patch mosaic structure on the western and southern slopes of Changbai Mountain." Forest Ecology and Management 481, no. : 118746.
Megafires are large wildfires that occur under extreme weather conditions and produce mixed burn severities across diverse environmental gradients. Assessing megafire effects requires data covering large spatiotemporal extents, which are difficult to collect from field inventories. Remote sensing provides an alternative but is limited in revealing post-fire recovery trajectories and the underlying processes that drive the recovery. We developed a novel framework to spatially reconstruct the post-fire time-series of forest conditions after the 1987 Black Dragon fire of China by integrating a forest landscape model (LANDIS) with remote sensing and inventory data. We derived pre-fire (1985) forest composition and the megafire perimeter and severity using remote sensing and inventory data. We simulated the megafire and the post-megafire forest recovery from 1985 to 2015 using the LANDIS model. We demonstrated that the framework was effective in reconstructing the post-fire stand dynamics and that it is applicable to other types of disturbances.
Wenru Xu; Hong S. He; Jacob S. Fraser; Todd J. Hawbaker; Paul D. Henne; Shengwu Duan; Zhiliang Zhu. Spatially explicit reconstruction of post-megafire forest recovery through landscape modeling. Environmental Modelling & Software 2020, 134, 104884 .
AMA StyleWenru Xu, Hong S. He, Jacob S. Fraser, Todd J. Hawbaker, Paul D. Henne, Shengwu Duan, Zhiliang Zhu. Spatially explicit reconstruction of post-megafire forest recovery through landscape modeling. Environmental Modelling & Software. 2020; 134 ():104884.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenru Xu; Hong S. He; Jacob S. Fraser; Todd J. Hawbaker; Paul D. Henne; Shengwu Duan; Zhiliang Zhu. 2020. "Spatially explicit reconstruction of post-megafire forest recovery through landscape modeling." Environmental Modelling & Software 134, no. : 104884.
The rate and trajectory of forest landscape recovery after a volcanic eruption rely largely on available seed sources and patterns of seed dispersal. However, quantifying the importance of various seed sources has not been attempted. We demonstrate a forest landscape modeling framework for spatiotemporal reconstruction of post-volcanic-eruption forest landscape. We quantify the effects of remnant seed sources on post-eruption forest landscape recovery at tree species level in Changbai Mountain, China. We used a factorial experiment of modeled scenarios with/without remnant seed sources and/or matrix seed sources. We applied the modeling framework to reconstruct the post-eruption forest landscape from 1710 to 2010. Remnant seed sources’ contribution to basal area and density was minimum before year 1810 and 1770, and increased to maximum at 1940 (51%) and 1840 (79%), respectively. Remnant seed sources contributed > 40% to stand age from 1740 to 1870. Remnant seed sources’ contribution to species area was minimum at 1760 for all species, while it increased to > 40% at 2010 for some late-successional species. Remnant seed sources have relatively small effects in the early stage of post-volcanic-eruption forest landscape recovery. This is different from what has been reported of other disturbances such as wind and fire. Remnant seed sources facilitate late-successional species recovery, advance forest succession, and increase stand age. These findings coincide with reports of other types of disturbances. Spatiotemporal historic landscape reconstruction provides a platform to simulate seed dispersal and quantify the roles of remnant seed sources on post-disturbance landscape recovery.
Mia M. Wu; Hong S. He; Yu Liang; Chao Huang. Quantifying the effects of remnant seed sources on post-volcanic-eruption forest recovery through historic landscape reconstruction from 1710 to 2010. Landscape Ecology 2020, 35, 1 -17.
AMA StyleMia M. Wu, Hong S. He, Yu Liang, Chao Huang. Quantifying the effects of remnant seed sources on post-volcanic-eruption forest recovery through historic landscape reconstruction from 1710 to 2010. Landscape Ecology. 2020; 35 (10):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMia M. Wu; Hong S. He; Yu Liang; Chao Huang. 2020. "Quantifying the effects of remnant seed sources on post-volcanic-eruption forest recovery through historic landscape reconstruction from 1710 to 2010." Landscape Ecology 35, no. 10: 1-17.
Water consumption ensures crop production and grain security, and is influenced by many factors. Analyzing the impact factors of water consumption during crop production will be beneficial to the full use of water resources and crop growth. Jilin Province is one of the major crop production areas in China and is facing water shortages. Using the water footprint as an indicator, this study evaluated the water consumption of crop production in Jilin Province during 2000–2016, explored the impacts of climatic and agricultural input factors on the water consumption of crop production, and identified the most influential factors in years under different levels of rainfall. The results indicate that the crop water footprint exhibited a decreasing trend during 2000–2016, and the most influential factors of the crop water footprint changed over the years with different levels of rainfall. Precipitation and the effective irrigation area were the most influential factors in the drought year, and accumulated temperature, machinery power, and chemical fertilizer consumption were the most influential factors in normal and humid years. The most influential factors of the crop water footprint differed in different regions with the differences in natural and human interfered conditions. Identifying the impacts of the most influential factors on the water consumption of crop production would be conducive to optimizing farmland management and achieving sustainable agricultural production.
Xiaoxue Zheng; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He. Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6904 .
AMA StyleXiaoxue Zheng, Lijie Qin, Hongshi He. Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoxue Zheng; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He. 2020. "Impacts of Climatic and Agricultural Input Factors on the Water Footprint of Crop Production in Jilin Province, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6904.
Quantitative assessment of the impact of land use and climate change on hydrological processes is of great importance to water resources planning and management. The main objective of this study was to quantitatively assess the response of runoff to land use and climate change in the Zhengshui River Basin of Southern China, a heavily used agricultural basin. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate the river runoff for the Zhengshui River Basin. Specifically, a soil database was constructed based on field work and laboratory experiments as input data for the SWAT model. Following SWAT calibration, simulated results were compared with observed runoff data for the period 2006 to 2013. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency Coefficient (NSE) and the correlation coefficient (R2) for the comparisons were greater than 0.80, indicating close agreement. The calibrated models were applied to simulate monthly runoff in 1990 and 2010 for four scenarios with different land use and climate conditions. Climate change played a dominant role affecting runoff of this basin, with climate change decreasing simulated runoff by −100.22% in 2010 compared to that of 1990, land use change increasing runoff in this basin by 0.20% and the combination of climate change and land use change decreasing runoff by 60.8m3/s. The decrease of forestland area and the corresponding increase of developed land and cultivated land area led to the small increase in runoff associated with land use change. The influence of precipitation on runoff was greater than temperature. The soil database used to model runoff with the SWAT model for the basin was constructed using a combination of field investigation and laboratory experiments, and simulations of runoff based on that new soil database more closely matched observations of runoff than simulations based on the generic Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). This study may provide an important reference to guide management decisions for this and similar watersheds.
Lanhua Luo; Qing Zhou; Hong He; Liangxia Duan; Gaoling Zhang; Hongxia Xie. Relative Importance of Land Use and Climate Change on Hydrology in Agricultural Watershed of Southern China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6423 .
AMA StyleLanhua Luo, Qing Zhou, Hong He, Liangxia Duan, Gaoling Zhang, Hongxia Xie. Relative Importance of Land Use and Climate Change on Hydrology in Agricultural Watershed of Southern China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (16):6423.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLanhua Luo; Qing Zhou; Hong He; Liangxia Duan; Gaoling Zhang; Hongxia Xie. 2020. "Relative Importance of Land Use and Climate Change on Hydrology in Agricultural Watershed of Southern China." Sustainability 12, no. 16: 6423.
Refugee parks are general parks that can serve as emergency shelters in cities. The core issue of refugee parks lies in their service extent they provided. Globally, the service extent of refugee parks is determined by the Euclidean or actual road network distance methods. The former lacks measurement accuracy, whereas the latter lacks the consideration of human dimension and proximity. Hence, we propose the nearest neighbor method, which considers not only the locations of refugee parks and sub-districts, but also road networks and census data. Using this method, we evaluated the service extent of refugee parks in Changchun, northern China. We compared our results with the Euclidean distance method. Results showed that the nearest neighbor method effectively accounted for the effect of road network resistance and results aligned with the refuge needs of residents. Differences in both methods were mainly affected by the size of the parks and local road network and population densities. The Euclidean approach determines the service extent based on a unified service radius, thus producing greater errors. The nearest neighbor method can reveal the spatial imbalance of refugee parks, as well as the mismatch between the park size and population distribution. Furthermore, the nearest neighbor method implements policies of spatial optimization of urban refugee parks. As a general method, it should be suited to different types of disasters.
Xiaoling Li; Chunliang Xiu; Ye Wei; Hong S. He. Evaluating Methodology for the Service Extent of Refugee Parks in Changchun, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5715 .
AMA StyleXiaoling Li, Chunliang Xiu, Ye Wei, Hong S. He. Evaluating Methodology for the Service Extent of Refugee Parks in Changchun, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5715.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoling Li; Chunliang Xiu; Ye Wei; Hong S. He. 2020. "Evaluating Methodology for the Service Extent of Refugee Parks in Changchun, China." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5715.
Since the 1990s, Russia (the former Soviet Union, FSU) has undergone radical institutional transformation and drastic economic, political, and social changes. These changes have resulted in complex transformations of the urban land-use patterns. We extracted four major urban land-use classes (residential, industrial, social well-being, and green land) before (1987) and after (2015) the transformation of St. Petersburg. In particular, we focused on residential and industrial land use. In the core and peripheral areas of St. Petersburg, we calculated the percentage of each land-use class and conducted spatial pattern analyses for 1987 and 2015. Specifically, we measured the degree of interspersion/juxtaposition, aggregation and contagion for the major land-use classes in the study area. Results indicated that St. Petersburg experienced significant urban land restructuring from 1987 to 2015. While the city retained some urban land structure from before FSU, it showed trajectories of urban development similar to those of developed counties in Western Europe. The FSU period was the main stage of the outward expansion of urban administrative boundaries. The process of deindustrialization in the urban core during the post-Soviet Union period lagged behind other international cities. The most significant change in the urban land-use pattern was suburbanization in the peripheral area. The suburbanization of St. Petersburg was different from that of other developed countries in that it had its own unique characteristics, both in the residential style and in the resident class. Russia's institutional transformation had strong impacts on urban land-use patterns in the post-Soviet Union period, thus providing a rich practical and theoretical basis for analyzing new models of urban land-use change.
Xiaoling Li; Hong S. He; Chunliang Xiu; Bin Li; Alexander Shendrik. Twenty Years of Post-Soviet Union Urban Land Use Change of St. Petersburg. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 2020, 13, 1019 -1033.
AMA StyleXiaoling Li, Hong S. He, Chunliang Xiu, Bin Li, Alexander Shendrik. Twenty Years of Post-Soviet Union Urban Land Use Change of St. Petersburg. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy. 2020; 13 (4):1019-1033.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoling Li; Hong S. He; Chunliang Xiu; Bin Li; Alexander Shendrik. 2020. "Twenty Years of Post-Soviet Union Urban Land Use Change of St. Petersburg." Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 13, no. 4: 1019-1033.
Environmental factors that drive carbon storage are often used as an explanation for alpine treeline formation. However, different tree species respond differently to environmental changes, which challenges our understanding of treeline formation and shifts. Therefore, we selected Picea jezoensis and Betula ermanii, the two treeline species naturally occurring in Changbai Mountain in China, and measured the concentration of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), soluble sugars and starch in one-year-old leaves, shoots, stems and fine roots at different elevations. We found that compared with P. jezoensis, the NSC and soluble sugars concentrations of leaves and shoots of B. ermanii were higher than those of P. jezoensis, while the starch concentration of all the tissues were lower. Moreover, the concentration of NSC, soluble sugars and starch in the leaves of B. ermanii decreased with elevation. In addition, the starch concentration of B. ermanii shoots, stems and fine roots remained at a high level regardless of whether the soluble sugars concentration decreased. Whereas the concentrations of soluble sugars and starch in one-year-old leaves, shoots and stems of P. jezoensis responded similarly changes with elevation. These findings demonstrate that compared with P. jezoensis, B. ermanii has a higher soluble sugars/starch ratio, and its shoots, stems and fine roots actively store NSC to adapt to the harsh environment, which is one of the reasons that B. ermanii can be distributed at higher altitudes.
Hudong Han; Hongshi He; Zhengfang Wu; Yu Cong; Shengwei Zong; Jianan He; Yuanyuan Fu; Kai Liu; Hang Sun; Yan Li; Changbao Yu; Jindan Xu. Non-Structural Carbohydrate Storage Strategy Explains the Spatial Distribution of Treeline Species. Plants 2020, 9, 384 .
AMA StyleHudong Han, Hongshi He, Zhengfang Wu, Yu Cong, Shengwei Zong, Jianan He, Yuanyuan Fu, Kai Liu, Hang Sun, Yan Li, Changbao Yu, Jindan Xu. Non-Structural Carbohydrate Storage Strategy Explains the Spatial Distribution of Treeline Species. Plants. 2020; 9 (3):384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHudong Han; Hongshi He; Zhengfang Wu; Yu Cong; Shengwei Zong; Jianan He; Yuanyuan Fu; Kai Liu; Hang Sun; Yan Li; Changbao Yu; Jindan Xu. 2020. "Non-Structural Carbohydrate Storage Strategy Explains the Spatial Distribution of Treeline Species." Plants 9, no. 3: 384.
Proactive managements, such as the resistant and the adaptive treatments, have been proposed to cope with the uncertainties of future climates. However, quantifying the uncertainties of forest response to proactive managements is challenging. Korean pine is an ecologically and economically important tree species in the temperate forests of Northeast China. Its dominance has evidently decreased due to excessive harvesting in the past decades. Understanding the responses of Korean pine to proactive managements under the future climates is important. In this study, we evaluated the range of responses of Korean pine to proactive managements under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenarios from four General Circulation Models (GCMs). We coupled an ecosystem process-based model, LINKAGES, and a forest landscape model, LANDIS PRO, to simulate scenarios of management and climate change combinations. Our results showed that the resistant and the adaptive treatment scenarios increased Korean pine importance (by 14.2% and 42.9% in importance value), dominance (biomass increased by 9.2% and 25.5%), and regeneration (abundance
Kai Liu; Hongshi He; Wenru Xu; Haibo Du; Shengwei Zong; Chao Huang; Miaomiao Wu; Xinyuan Tan; Yu Cong. Responses of Korean Pine to Proactive Managements under Climate Change. Forests 2020, 11, 263 .
AMA StyleKai Liu, Hongshi He, Wenru Xu, Haibo Du, Shengwei Zong, Chao Huang, Miaomiao Wu, Xinyuan Tan, Yu Cong. Responses of Korean Pine to Proactive Managements under Climate Change. Forests. 2020; 11 (3):263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKai Liu; Hongshi He; Wenru Xu; Haibo Du; Shengwei Zong; Chao Huang; Miaomiao Wu; Xinyuan Tan; Yu Cong. 2020. "Responses of Korean Pine to Proactive Managements under Climate Change." Forests 11, no. 3: 263.
Climate change and human activities are important factors driving changes in wetland ecosystems. It is therefore crucial to quantitatively characterize the relative importance of these stressors in wetlands. Previous such analyses have generally not distinguished between wetland types, or have focused on individual wetland types. In this study, three representative wetland areas of the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Heilongjiang River Basin (HRB) were selected as the study area. An object-based classification was used with Landsat TM data to extract the spatial distribution of wetland in 1990, 2000 and 2010. We then quantified the relative importance of climate change and human activities on the wetlands by using the R package “relaimpo” package. The results indicated that: (1) the effects of human activities on wetland changes were greater (contribution rate of 63.57%) than climate change in the HRB. Specifically, there were differences in the relative importance of climate change and human activities for wetlands in different regions. Wetlands of the upper reaches were more affected by climate change, while wetlands in the middle and lower reaches were more affected by human activities; (2) climate change had a greater impact (contribution rate of 65.72%) on low intensity wetland loss, while human activities had a greater impact on moderate and severe intensity wetland loss, with respective contribution rates of 57.22% and 70.35%; (3) climate change had a larger effect on the shrub and forested wetland changes, with respective contribution rates of 58.33% and 52.58%. However, human activities had a larger effect on herbaceous wetland changes, with a contribution rate of 72.28%. Our study provides a useful framework for wetland assessment and management, and could be a useful tool for developing wetland utilization and protection approaches, particularly in sensitive environments in mid- and high-latitude areas.
Yongcai Dang; Hongshi He; Dandan Zhao; Michael Sunde; Haibo Du. Quantifying the Relative Importance of Climate Change and Human Activities on Selected Wetland Ecosystems in China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 912 .
AMA StyleYongcai Dang, Hongshi He, Dandan Zhao, Michael Sunde, Haibo Du. Quantifying the Relative Importance of Climate Change and Human Activities on Selected Wetland Ecosystems in China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongcai Dang; Hongshi He; Dandan Zhao; Michael Sunde; Haibo Du. 2020. "Quantifying the Relative Importance of Climate Change and Human Activities on Selected Wetland Ecosystems in China." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 912.
Deyeuxia purpurea, a low-altitude species, has been expanding upwards into alpine tundra, and this upward expansion is causing serious ecological consequences. However, few studies have been performed regarding its effects on soil faunal communities. We examine how the upward expansion of D. purpurea affects the abundance, richness, and diversity of soil mesofauna, and evaluate how different taxa of soil mesofauna respond to the upward expansion of D. purpurea in the alpine tundra of Changbai Mountains, northeast China. A total of 128 soil mesofaunal samples were collected from four treatments, namely high upward expansion (HU), medium upward expansion (MU), low upward expansion (LU), and native plant habitats (NP). The results revealed that the abundance of soil mesofauna was increased with the rise of D. purpurea upward expansion, and the taxonomic composition varied with the different levels of D. purpurea upward expansion in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains. No unique taxa were collected in the native plant habitats, and the upward expansion of D. purpurea promoted the colonization of predatory invertebrates. Isotomidae and Gamasida responded positively to the herbaceous plant upward expansion, and thus they were considered to be a positive indicator of upward expansion. Hypogastruridae and Enchytraeidae responded relatively negatively, while Oribatida, Actinedida, and Pseudachorutidae had ambivalent responses to the upward expansion. Overall, the abundance of soil mesofauna can indicate the levels of the upward expansion of D. purpurea. Soil mesofaunal guild characteristics were altered by the upward expansion. The different taxa of soil mesofauna responded to herbaceous plants’ upward expansion to various degrees. Therefore, this study provide evidence supporting the fact that the abundance of soil mesofauna can indicate the levels of upward expansion of D. purpurea, but the responses of soil mesofauna to the upward expansion of D. purpurea differ among their taxa.
Yan Tao; Zhongqiang Wang; Chen Ma; Hongshi He; Jiawei Xu; Yinghua Jin; Haixia Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. Soil Mesofauna Respond to the Upward Expansion of Deyeuxia purpurea in the Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China. Plants 2019, 8, 615 .
AMA StyleYan Tao, Zhongqiang Wang, Chen Ma, Hongshi He, Jiawei Xu, Yinghua Jin, Haixia Wang, Xiaoxue Zheng. Soil Mesofauna Respond to the Upward Expansion of Deyeuxia purpurea in the Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China. Plants. 2019; 8 (12):615.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Tao; Zhongqiang Wang; Chen Ma; Hongshi He; Jiawei Xu; Yinghua Jin; Haixia Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. 2019. "Soil Mesofauna Respond to the Upward Expansion of Deyeuxia purpurea in the Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China." Plants 8, no. 12: 615.
The interactive effects of climatic factors (precipitation and temperature) on vegetation growth can be characterized by their effect on vegetation seasonal dynamics. The interactive effects, seasonal trend of vegetation growth, and its future consistency (potential for future trend) have not been adequately studied in the literature. In this work, using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and gridded climate data at a resolution of 250 m in the central Loess Plateau region, we examined seasonal vegetation dynamics with climate changes and the interactive effects of climatic factors on vegetation growth at the pixel and regional scales from the period 2000 to 2015. Vegetation cover in the Central Loess Plateau in China has dramatically changed due to the Grain-for-Green (GFG) ecological restoration program, which was designed to convert cropland to forestland or grassland since 1999. Our results show that the EVI increased significantly during the 16 year period and is likely to continue to increase in the near future. Relatively small Hurst exponents for forestland suggests that the potential for a future increased trend will be weak for the forest. Large Hurst exponents for grassland indicate its strong potential of further increase. Significant increases in spring precipitation have promoted vegetation growth, while significant decreases in summer temperature have had negative effects on vegetation growth. For temperatures between 10 to 20 °C, the impact of temperature on vegetation growth has a clear positive relationship with the moderator variable precipitation. For precipitation < 200 mm in the growing season, the impact of precipitation on vegetation growth has a clearly positive relationship with the moderator variable temperature. Results of this study will provide useful and important guidelines for designing forestland and grassland restoration plans in arid, semiarid and sub-humid regions.
Xian Zhu; Hong S. He; Shuoxin Zhang; William D. Dijak; Yuanyuan Fu. Interactive Effects of Climatic Factors on Seasonal Vegetation Dynamics in the Central Loess Plateau, China. Forests 2019, 10, 1071 .
AMA StyleXian Zhu, Hong S. He, Shuoxin Zhang, William D. Dijak, Yuanyuan Fu. Interactive Effects of Climatic Factors on Seasonal Vegetation Dynamics in the Central Loess Plateau, China. Forests. 2019; 10 (12):1071.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXian Zhu; Hong S. He; Shuoxin Zhang; William D. Dijak; Yuanyuan Fu. 2019. "Interactive Effects of Climatic Factors on Seasonal Vegetation Dynamics in the Central Loess Plateau, China." Forests 10, no. 12: 1071.
Grey water footprints (GWFs) can be used as an indicator to describe the influence of diffuse pollution on water environments and identify major contaminants. To improve the calculation of GWF, we conducted a field experiment with combinations of different slopes and fertilizer types on maize production in the black soil region of China. The goals of this study were to determine the actual amount of water used to dilute the pollutants; to explore the changes in the GWF under different slopes and fertilization types; and to identify the most critical pollutants and determine if they are consistent with those identified in previous studies. The results showed that the average GWFs of maize production were much different in 2016 and 2017. The GWFs of the 5° plots were much larger than those of the 1° plots and 3° plots, and the GWFs of the mineral fertilizer plots were larger than those of the organic manure plots in most cases. The loss rates of total nitrogen (TN) in the mineral fertilizer plots and the organic manure plots were all 0.2% in 2016 and 2.7% and 3.1% in 2017, respectively, which was much lower than 10% as reported in most articles. The most frequent critical pollutant was total nitrogen (TN), while total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were also critical pollutants in some cases, which differed somewhat from the results of previous studies. The uneven annual distribution of rainfall led to large interannual differences in the size of the GWFs. Therefore, using field observations, pollutant loss from agricultural ecosystems could be determined in line with local conditions, which should provide a reference for relevant measures to control diffuse pollution.
Hongying Li; Yufei Wang; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He; Tianyu Zhang; Jianqin Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. Effects of different slopes and fertilizer types on the grey water footprint of maize production in the black soil region of China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 246, 119077 .
AMA StyleHongying Li, Yufei Wang, Lijie Qin, Hongshi He, Tianyu Zhang, Jianqin Wang, Xiaoxue Zheng. Effects of different slopes and fertilizer types on the grey water footprint of maize production in the black soil region of China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 246 ():119077.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongying Li; Yufei Wang; Lijie Qin; Hongshi He; Tianyu Zhang; Jianqin Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. 2019. "Effects of different slopes and fertilizer types on the grey water footprint of maize production in the black soil region of China." Journal of Cleaner Production 246, no. : 119077.
The harsh environmental conditions in alpine tundra exert a significant influence on soil macro-arthropod communities, yet few studies have been performed regarding the effects of vegetation heterogeneity on these communities. In order to better understand this question, a total of 96 soil macro-arthropod samples were collected from four habitats in the Changbai Mountains in China, namely, the Vaccinium uliginosum habitat, Sanguisorba sitchensis habitat, Rhododendron aureum habitat, and Deyeuxia angustifolia habitat. The results revealed that the taxonomic composition of the soil macro-arthropods varied among the habitats, and that dissimilarities existed in these communities. The abundance, richness and diversity in the D. angustifolia habitat were all at their maximum during the sampling period. The vegetation heterogeneity affected the different taxa of the soil macro-arthropods at various levels. In addition, the vegetation heterogeneity had direct effects not only on soil macro-arthropod communities, but also indirectly impacted the abundance, richness and diversity by altering the soil fertility and soil texture. Overall, our results provide experimental evidence that vegetation heterogeneity can promote the abundance, richness and diversity of soil macro-arthropods, yet the responses of soil macro-arthropods to vegetation heterogeneity differed among their taxa.
Yan Tao; Zhongqiang Wang; Chen Ma; Hongshi He; Jiawei Xu; Yinghua Jin; Haixia Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. Vegetation Heterogeneity Effects on Soil Macro-Arthropods in an Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China. Plants 2019, 8, 418 .
AMA StyleYan Tao, Zhongqiang Wang, Chen Ma, Hongshi He, Jiawei Xu, Yinghua Jin, Haixia Wang, Xiaoxue Zheng. Vegetation Heterogeneity Effects on Soil Macro-Arthropods in an Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China. Plants. 2019; 8 (10):418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Tao; Zhongqiang Wang; Chen Ma; Hongshi He; Jiawei Xu; Yinghua Jin; Haixia Wang; Xiaoxue Zheng. 2019. "Vegetation Heterogeneity Effects on Soil Macro-Arthropods in an Alpine Tundra of the Changbai Mountains, China." Plants 8, no. 10: 418.
Significant replacement of shrub species by herbaceous species has been observed in the Changbai alpine tundra zone, China, since the 1990s. This study used plot surveys to analyze variations in the spatial distribution of dominant plants and to ascertain the changing mechanisms of dominant species in the alpine tundra zone. We found that the two previously dominant shrubs, Rhododendron chrysanthum and Vaccinium uliginosum, differed markedly in their distribution characteristics. The former had the highest abundance and the lowest coefficient of variation, skewness, and kurtosis, and the latter showed the opposite results, while the six herb species invaded had intermediate values. R. chrysanthum still had a relatively uniform distribution, while the herbaceous species and V. uliginosum had a patch distribution deviating from the normal distribution in the tundra zone. Micro-topography and slope grade had stronger effects on the spatial distribution of the eight plant species than elevation. Herbs tended to easily replace the shrubs on a semi-sunny slope aspect, steep slope, and depression. Overall, the dominance of dwarf shrubs declined, while the herbaceous species have encroached and expanded on the alpine tundra zone and have become co-dominant plant species. Our results suggest that various micro-topographic factors associated with variations in climatic and edaphic conditions determine the spatial distribution of plants in the alpine tundra zone. Future climate warming may cause decreased snow thickness, increased growing season length, and drought stress, which may further promote replacement of the shrubs by herbs, which shows retrogressive vegetation successions in the Changbai alpine tundra zone. Further studies need to focus on the physio-ecological mechanisms underlying the vegetation change and species replacement in the alpine tundra area under global climate change.
Yinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Mai-He Li; Yan Tao; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Huiyun Wang; Yingying Han. The Changbai Alpine Shrub Tundra Will Be Replaced by Herbaceous Tundra under Global Climate Change. Plants 2019, 8, 370 .
AMA StyleYinghua Jin, Jiawei Xu, Hongshi He, Mai-He Li, Yan Tao, Yingjie Zhang, Rui Hu, Xiang Gao, Yunyu Bai, Huiyun Wang, Yingying Han. The Changbai Alpine Shrub Tundra Will Be Replaced by Herbaceous Tundra under Global Climate Change. Plants. 2019; 8 (10):370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYinghua Jin; Jiawei Xu; Hongshi He; Mai-He Li; Yan Tao; Yingjie Zhang; Rui Hu; Xiang Gao; Yunyu Bai; Huiyun Wang; Yingying Han. 2019. "The Changbai Alpine Shrub Tundra Will Be Replaced by Herbaceous Tundra under Global Climate Change." Plants 8, no. 10: 370.
Quantifying spatially explicit or pixel-level aboveground forest biomass (AFB) across large regions is critical for measuring forest carbon sequestration capacity, assessing forest carbon balance, and revealing changes in the structure and function of forest ecosystems. When AFB is measured at the species level using widely available remote sensing data, regional changes in forest composition can readily be monitored. In this study, wall-to-wall maps of species-level AFB were generated for forests in Northeast China by integrating forest inventory data with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images and environmental variables through applying the optimal k-nearest neighbor (kNN) imputation model. By comparing the prediction accuracy of 630 kNN models, we found that the models with random forest (RF) as the distance metric showed the highest accuracy. Compared to the use of single-month MODIS data for September, there was no appreciable improvement for the estimation accuracy of species-level AFB by using multi-month MODIS data. When k > 7, the accuracy improvement of the RF-based kNN models using the single MODIS predictors for September was essentially negligible. Therefore, the kNN model using the RF distance metric, single-month (September) MODIS predictors and k = 7 was the optimal model to impute the species-level AFB for entire Northeast China. Our imputation results showed that average AFB of all species over Northeast China was 101.98 Mg/ha around 2000. Among 17 widespread species, larch was most dominant, with the largest AFB (20.88 Mg/ha), followed by white birch (13.84 Mg/ha). Amur corktree and willow had low AFB (0.91 and 0.96 Mg/ha, respectively). Environmental variables (e.g., climate and topography) had strong relationships with species-level AFB. By integrating forest inventory data and remote sensing data with complete spatial coverage using the optimal kNN model, we successfully mapped the AFB distribution of the 17 tree species over Northeast China. We also evaluated the accuracy of AFB at different spatial scales. The AFB estimation accuracy significantly improved from stand level up to the ecotype level, indicating that the AFB maps generated from this study are more suitable to apply to forest ecosystem models (e.g., LINKAGES) which require species-level attributes at the ecotype scale.
Yuanyuan Fu; Hong S. He; Todd J. Hawbaker; Paul D. Henne; Zhiliang Zhu; David R. Larsen. Evaluating k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) Imputation Models for Species-Level Aboveground Forest Biomass Mapping in Northeast China. Remote Sensing 2019, 11, 2005 .
AMA StyleYuanyuan Fu, Hong S. He, Todd J. Hawbaker, Paul D. Henne, Zhiliang Zhu, David R. Larsen. Evaluating k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) Imputation Models for Species-Level Aboveground Forest Biomass Mapping in Northeast China. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11 (17):2005.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuanyuan Fu; Hong S. He; Todd J. Hawbaker; Paul D. Henne; Zhiliang Zhu; David R. Larsen. 2019. "Evaluating k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) Imputation Models for Species-Level Aboveground Forest Biomass Mapping in Northeast China." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17: 2005.