Composite surface structures inspired by the functional surface of Scapharca subcrenata shells can improve the tribological properties effectively, composed of the ordered “U”- shape micro-grooves and solid lubricant Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) alloys. A series of wear tests were conducted to further investigate the formation characteristics of the self-compensating lubrication film, and then the mathematical model of the spreading tribofilm could be proposed. The results showed that the appropriate surface texturing parameters (NBCSS-28) had a great effect on the formation of the self-compensating lubrication film, which exhibited a lower friction coefficient (0.386) and wear volume (0.682 mm³) than the other NBCSS samples. The tribofilm, with a thickness of a few microns, was deposited on the contact surface after the wear tests. The interfacial reactants (the Ni/Ni₃Sn₂ interface) of the SAC305 alloys, and Ni₃Al alloys confirmed by the wetting experiments and the thermogravimetric analysis, could promote the deposition and diffusion of the tribofilm during the sliding process. Hence, distinguishable layered structures could be observed on the fractured surfaces of the NBCSS samples. Moreover, the formation process of the tribofilm exhibited an obvious relationship with the reduction in the dynamic friction coefficient. The tribofilm formation model was proposed by the accumulation behaviors of the spreading tribofilm randomly in the form of multiple discrete irregular film shapes on the worn surface, which could predict the formation characteristics of the self-compensating lubrication film to improve the optimization design of the parameters.

Accurate production efficiency evaluation can assist enterprises in adjusting production strategies, improving production efficiency, and, thereby, weakening environmental impacts. However, the current studies on production efficiency evaluation do not accurately consider interactions inside the production system in parallel production processes. Based on the concept of the manufacturing service, this paper describes the production process of a complex product system (CoPS) with a manufacturing service chain. An efficiency calculation model based on the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number–solid waste recycling–super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (TIFN-SWR-SDEA) is proposed under the consideration of the internal parallel structure of the production system on the example of solid waste recycling. Additionally, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method and the entropy weight method were combined to determine the proportion of solid waste recycling, and an improved proposed index rank (PIR) method was employed to rank the efficiency interval results. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the method were verified by comparative analysis. The results show that the overall efficiency of the CoPS production system can be improved by using green manufacturing technology, increasing the recycling of renewable resources, using clean energy, and improving the utilization rate of materials in the production process.

An experimental system for dismantling waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) is developed based on YOLOv5. The system integrates a non-contact hot-air convection heating module with a 4-degree-of-freedom SCARA robotic arm to support vision-guided selective component removal. An STM32-based control unit and a Jetson Nano–based vision module are employed to coordinate motion control, temperature regulation, and visual perception in a closed-loop workflow. YOLOv5 is used to detect, classify, and localize components on WPCBs, providing target positions for robotic operations. A host-computer interface supports online human–machine interaction and flexible task configuration during operation. Experimental results demonstrate accurate SCARA trajectory tracking and stable temperature control of the heating module, enabling repeatable component detection, classification, and separation under controlled conditions. Overall, the system exhibits convenient operation and promising disassembly performance in laboratory trials, offering a baseline reference for component-level recovery and secondary reuse.