Microporous framework membranes with well-defined micropore structure such as metal-organic framework membranes and covalent organic framework membranes hold great promise for the enormous challenging separations in energy and environment fields.

Achieving a functional and durable non-platinum group metal-based methanol oxidation catalyst is critical for a cost-effective direct methanol fuel cell. While Ni(OH)₂ has been widely studied as methanol oxidation catalyst, the initial process of oxidizing Ni(OH)₂ to NiOOH requires a high potential of 1.35 V vs. RHE. Such potential would be impractical since the theoretical potential of the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction is at 1.23 V. Here we show that a four-coordinated nickel atom is able to form charge-transfer orbitals through delocalization of electrons near the Fermi energy level. As such, our previously reported periodically arranged four-six-coordinated nickel hydroxide nanoribbon structure (NR-Ni(OH)₂) is able to show remarkable methanol oxidation activity with an onset potential of 0.55 V vs. RHE and suggests the operability in direct methanol fuel cell configuration. Thus, this strategy offers a gateway towards the development of high performance and durable non-platinum direct methanol fuel cell.

Switching the oxygen adsorption configuration and reaction pathway breaks Sabatier's vertex and achieves an extraordinary acidic oxygen reduction performance.

Different types of advanced non-noble materials in bifunctional catalysts for ORR and OER.