Digital platforms, electric vehicles, and renewable energy grids all rely on energy storage systems, with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as the predominant technology. However, the current energy density of LIBs is insufficient to meet the long-term objectives of these applications, and traditional LIBs with flammable liquid electrolytes pose safety concerns. All-solid-state lithium–oxygen batteries (ASSLOBs) are emerging as a promising next-generation energy storage technology with potential energy densities up to ten times higher than those of current LIBs. ASSLOBs utilize non-flammable solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and offer superior safety and mechanical stability. However, ASSLOBs face challenges, including high solid-state interface resistances and unstable lithium-metal anodes. In recent years, significant progress has been proceeded in developing new materials and interfaces that improve the performance and stability of ASSLOBs. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances and challenges in the ASSLOB technology, including the design principles and strategies for developing high-performance ASSLOBs and advances in SSEs, cathodes, anodes, and interface engineering. Overall, this review highlights valuable insights into the current state of the art and future directions for ASSLOB technology.