Problematic sleep or insomnia has been a recognised issue for many individuals in society, and university students can be of particular concern due to unique academic pressures. A systematic review was designed to summarise the current evidence about the extent of insomnia medication used by university students and identify characteristics of those more willing to use medication to manage insomnia. Searches were undertaken using Psych INFO, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, resulting in 25 eligible studies across multiple countries between 1994 and 2020. The prevalence of sleep medication use by students varied widely, from 2% to 41.2%, with an average of 13.1%. Female gender, students experiencing poor sleep, smoking, drinking stimulant beverages, and undertaking fewer physical activities were associated with the use of insomnia medication. Insomnia medication use exists within university student populations but appears to vary considerably worldwide; identifying multiple population characteristics associated with such use would offer opportunities to identify and support those affected.

Background: Pain during dressing changes is a major concern for individuals with chronic wounds, such as venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and pressure sores. These procedures, often performed in community settings, can cause significant physical and emotional distress. Despite widespread recognition of this issue, there has been no comprehensive synthesis of evidence to guide effective pain management strategies during dressing changes. Objective: This mixed-methods systematic review aimed to evaluate interventions designed to reduce pain during dressing changes for chronic wounds and to explore the experiences of patients and healthcare professionals. Methods: Twenty-nine studies were included: 8 effectiveness studies, 11 surveys and 10 qualitative studies. Data were sourced from six electronic databases and analysed using a convergent segregated approach. Quantitative data were summarised using synthesis without meta-analysis guidance, while qualitative and survey data were analysed thematically. Findings were integrated using the preventing pain at dressing change pathway, a framework developed with stakeholder input to map interventions across the dressing change process. Results: Pain was found to be highly variable and influenced by wound type, healing stage and previous experiences. Non-adhesive and ibuprofen-releasing foam dressings consistently reduced pain, while gauze dressings were frequently associated with increased discomfort. Topical treatments, such as eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics cream and morphine gel, showed promise. Patients valued skilled, communicative nursing care and involvement in their own treatment. Distraction techniques and post-dressing pain relief were identified as important but under-researched. Pain assessment practices were inconsistent, and formal tools were rarely used. Limitations: The broad scope of eligible interventions increases the risk of missing relevant studies. Most studies were small and at moderate to high risk of bias. Future work: Future research should focus on evaluating underused interventions (e.g. distraction, patient involvement), improving pain assessment practices, and addressing equity gaps in pain management. Investment in nurse training and consistent care protocols is essential. Conclusions: Effective pain management during dressing changes requires a holistic, patient-centred approach. While some interventions show promise, many commonly used strategies lack robust evidence. The preventing pain at dressing change pathway offers a practical framework for guiding future practice, research and policy development. Funding: This synopsis presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme as award number NIHR131023.

Prediabetes is associated with an increased risk of progression to type 2 diabetes, yet sustained lifestyle modification remains difficult in everyday life. Although telehealth and artificial intelligence may extend lifestyle support through remote access, monitoring, reminders and personalised feedback, little is known about how people with prediabetes perceive these technologies or the conditions under which they would consider them acceptable. To explore how adults with prediabetes understand and manage lifestyle modification and to identify their perceived support needs and the conditions shaping acceptance of telehealth and artificial intelligence as adjuncts to lifestyle support. A qualitative descriptive study. Hong Kong. 10 adults with prediabetes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between September and October 2025. Interviews were conducted in Cantonese, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analysed using thematic analysis. Demographic, clinical, and digital health-related information was collected to contextualise participants' accounts. Five interrelated themes were identified. Participants' perceived risk of prediabetes was shaped less by the diagnosis itself than by family history, bodily symptoms, and personal health biographies. Although participants generally understood the need for dietary change, physical activity, and weight control, they found it difficult to translate knowledge into sustained action because of work demands, food environments, fatigue, emotional distress, and limited control over daily routines. Lifestyle modification was, therefore, approached pragmatically through modest, incremental, and sustainable adjustments rather than strict behavioural transformation. Meaningful support was perceived as ongoing, human-centred, and responsive to individual circumstances. Within this context, telehealth and artificial intelligence were viewed as potentially-acceptable extensions of care, particularly for accessible information access, reminders, self-monitoring, and personalised feedback. However, acceptability was conditional on accuracy, privacy protection, cultural relevance, professional credibility, and continued clinician involvement. Telehealth and artificial intelligence may help support lifestyle modification among individuals with prediabetes, but their value depends on their ability to complement rather than human care. Artificial intelligence-enabled telehealth interventions should be designed as hybrid, clinician-integrated models that translate health data into locally relevant and actionable guidance while preserving trust, accountability, and human reassurance. Such approaches may help bridge the persistent gap between knowing what lifestyle changes are needed and sustaining those changes in everyday life for individuals with prediabetes in Hong Kong. Not registered.