Summary: Employee silence, the withholding of work‐related ideas, questions, or concerns from someone who could effect change, has been proposed to hamper individual and collective learning as well as the detection of errors and unethical behaviors in many areas of the world. To facilitate cross‐cultural research, we validated an instrument measuring four employee silence motives (i.e., silence based on fear, resignation, prosocial, and selfish motives) in 21 languages. Across 33 countries (N = 8,222) representing diverse cultural clusters, the instrument shows good psychometric properties (i.e., internal reliabilities, factor structure, and measurement invariance). Results further revealed similarities and differences in the prevalence of silence motives between countries, but did not necessarily support cultural stereotypes. To explore the role of culture for silence, we examined relationships of silence motives with the societal practices cultural dimensions from the GLOBE Program. We found relationships between silence motives and power distance, institutional collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. Overall, the findings suggest that relationships between silence and cultural dimensions are more complex than commonly assumed. We discuss the explanatory power of nations as (cultural) units of analysis, our social scientific approach, the predictive value of cultural dimensions, and opportunities to extend silence research geographically, methodologically, and conceptually.

Conflict Between Work and Family Roles and Satisfaction among Nurses in Different Shift Systems in Croatia: a Questionnaire Survey: The objective of this study was to examine the perception of conflict between work and family roles and job, family, and life satisfaction among nurses in Croatia. One hundred and twenty-nine nurses (married mothers) working in hospitals in Zadar, Šibenik, and Split were divided in four groups according to their worktime schedule. The participants completed a survey, which included a set of sociodemographic-type questions, questions about the level and allocation of family responsibilities between spouses, and scales measuring the perceived negative effects of worktime, psychological demands of the work, work-family conflict, and semantic differential scales for measuring the affective and cognitive-evaluative component of job, family, and life satisfaction. This was the first study in Croatia to deal with work-family conflict among nurses or workers with different shift systems.The results of this study indicate that nurses working morning shifts only experienced less conflict between work and family than other groups of nurses, who worked the morning, afternoon, and the night shift. The cognitive-evaluative component of job satisfaction was the highest among morning shift nurses and the lowest in nurses who worked 12-hour shifts, while the affective component of life satisfaction was the lowest in nurses working irregular and backward rotated shifts. These results confirm that shiftwork makes the work-family role conflict even worse. They also support the view that the type of shift rotation matters.

The aim of this research was to determine the salience of work and family roles and to study the connection between role salience and the interference of different types of roles among working men and women. Self-assessment measurement scales were applied. The research involved 206 participants; 103 employed married couples from different regions of Croatia. The results show that roles closely connected to family are considered the most salient. However, men are mostly dedicated behaviourally to the role of a worker. Women dedicate more time and energy to the roles of a spouse, a parent, and a family member whereas men are more oriented towards the leisurite role. The highest level of conflict was perceived when it comes to work disturbing leisure. Gender differences appeared only for work-to-marriage conflict, with men reporting higher conflict than women. The research found proof of only some low correlations between the salience of different types of roles and work-family conflict.

Roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju suočavaju se s brojnim izazovima i stresorima koji se mogu negativno odraziti na njihovu dobrobit. Jedna od relativno zanemarenih tema, osobito u nacionalnim okvirima, jest otežana mogućnost usklađivanja zahtjeva radne i obiteljske uloge te skupine roditelja. Stoga je cilj ovog rada bio dobiti dublji uvid u čimbenike koji imaju potencijalno važnu ulogu u objašnjenju dobrobiti zaposlenih roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju u RH; preciznije, identificirati čimbenike koji promoviraju i/ili ometaju usklađivanje radnog i obiteljskog života te skupine roditelja. U istraživanju temeljenom na dubinskim intervjuima sudjelovalo je ukupno 25 zaposlenih roditelja (15 majki i 10 očeva) djece s različitim vrstama i stupnjevima teškoća u razvoju. Većina sudionika (N=23) ima jedno dijete, dok dvoje sudionika ima dvoje djece s objektivno dijagnosticiranim teškoćama u razvoju. Većina sudionika (N=21) provedenog istraživanja zaposlena je na puno radno vrijeme. Podatci su analizirani tematskom analizom. Rezultati su ukazali na četiri skupine čimbenika: društvene, organizacijske, obiteljske i osobne, koji, iz perspektive sudionika istraživanja, olakšavaju i/ili otežavaju usklađivanje radne i obiteljske uloge. S obzirom na to da je dobrobit roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju snažno oblikovana specifičnim društvenim kontekstom, što otežava poopćavanje rezultata te tematike dobivene u različitim zemljama, rezultati istraživanja provedenog u RH imaju važan teorijski doprinos. Identifikacija i opis relevantnih čimbenika koji omogućuju usklađivanje radne i obiteljske uloge te tako oblikuju dobrobit te skupine roditelja pružaju snažno polazište za kvantitativna istraživanja u tom području. Uz spomenuto rad pruža niz praktičnih implikacija usmjerenih unapređenju dobrobiti te skupine roditelja.