Introduction: This study compared temporal structures, technical–tactical applications and scoring patterns between men’s singles matches played under two formats at the 2024 BWF World Youth Championships: an individual event (21-point system) and a team event (11-point relay system).Methods: A total of 40 matches were analyzed, with 20 matches for each competition format. Each match consisted of two sets, resulting in a total of 80 sets containing 22,283 batting actions, and each batting action was treated as an independent analytical unit.Results: Team matches were substantially shorter in overall duration, with large reductions in total playing time, rest intervals and whole-game length. In contrast, no significant differences emerged for rally-level indicators—shots per rally, time per stroke or rest between rallies—indicating that competitive intensity within rallies remained comparable. Technically, individual matches featured more net-based strokes such as spinning net shots and lifts to create attacking chances, whereas team matches favored safer choices like drop shots and interceptions. Scoring patterns diverged accordingly: unforced errors dominated in individual matches, whereas forced errors were more prevalent in the team event.Discussion: The 11-point relay system therefore maintains rally intensity while shortening total match time, lessening physical load and heightening psychological demands. The findings offer empirical guidance for youth competition reform and coach education.

Objectives: Physical activity plays a crucial role in promoting the health of the older adults. However, previous studies examined the influencing factors of physical activity among the older adults from a single-dimensional perspective, failing to adequately account for the interactions between various factors. Consequently, this study applied Andersen’s behavioral model to examine predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with physical activity characteristics among the older adults. Methods: Based on Andersen’s behavioral model, this cross-sectional study analyzes factors affecting physical activity among 586 randomly older selected adults (aged ≥60) in Taiyuan via questionnaires. Factors are categorized into predisposing, enabling, and need dimensions, and are analyzed using ordinal and binary logistic regression. Results: Predisposing, enabling, and need factors were all associated with physical activity levels and insufficient physical activity among older adults. Specifically, gender (OR = 1.893, 95%CI: 1.303–2.751), age (OR = 1.739, 95%CI: 1.034–2.927), pension insurance purchase (OR = 0.312, 95%CI: 0.194–0.501), community facilities convenience score (OR = 1.363, 95%CI: 1.076–1.727), self-rated unhealthy health (OR = 0.375, 95%CI: 0.167–0.845), general health (OR = 0.372, 95%CI: 0.212–0.653), and relatively healthy (OR = 0.472, 95%CI: 0.281–0.793) were identified as significant predictors of physical activity levels. For insufficient physical activity, the influencing factors included gender (OR = 0.470, 95%CI: 0.302–0.732), age (OR = 0.458, 95%CI: 0.250–0.840), pension insurance purchase (OR = 3.944, 95%CI: 2.322–6.698), convenience of community facilities (OR = 0.718, 95%CI: 0.543–0.948), poor self-rated health (OR = 4.555, 95%CI: 1.811–11.456), and fair self-rated health (OR = 2.533, 95%CI: 1.302–4.926). Conclusion: Older adults’ physical activity levels needed improvement. Among these factors, age-related limitations can hinder participation in activities, while gender differences result in varying preferences and abilities regarding activities. Promoting pension insurance and improving community facilities could boost activity. Self-assessed health status is strongly associated with levels of physical activity. Governments should implement evidence-based health education, tailored incentives, strengthened community support networks, and upgraded age-friendly infrastructure to boost participation. These measures enhance public health and advance active aging through building age-friendly societies.