Patients with physical and/or mental disabilities exhibit higher caries activity and more treatment needs compared with the general population. Thus, the number of patients awaiting dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) is far from negligible. Factors such as disabilities, presence of comorbidities, underlying medical conditions, and potential drug interactions render these patients a high-risk group for GA. Consequently, meticulous planning is essential when scheduling dental treatment under GA. The objective of the present research was to gather the opinions of anesthesiologists and dentists regarding the prompt treatment of dental patients requiring GA in institutions that offer optimal conditions for patient safety. Data were collected using a 28-item questionnaire developed by the researchers based on a literature review and interviews with both dentists and anesthesiologists involved in dental procedures under GA. The survey was administered online via Google Forms. Nearly all respondents (95.0%) believed that having an in-house operating room would increase their work efficiency and such a facility would meet their expectations. When asked why having an in-house operating room would enhance efficiency, the most common reasons cited were the ability to schedule more surgery days, better communication from working with the same anesthesia team, and the elimination of time lost due to transfers between hospitals. Anesthesiologists stated that the most frequently encountered issues when admitting patients in operating rooms within the faculty of dentistry were the absence of another anesthesiologist in emergencies (46.7%) and difficulty in reaching a consultant physician when needed (20.0%). Furthermore, 79.2% of anesthesiologists expressed that they would not prefer to work in an operating room dedicated solely to dental patients. As a result, dentists and anesthesiologists, the two most important members of the team performing dental treatments within GA, prefer to perform the procedures within their own institutions. Considering the high number of patients waiting for dental treatment under GA, the establishment of operating rooms within dentistry can make a positive contribution to the health system by eliminating the hesitations of anesthesiologists.

Amaç: İdeal bir kök kanal materyali, kemik ve diş gibi anatomik yapılardan ve diğer dental materyallerden ayırt edilmesine izin verecek kadar yeterli seviyede radyoopak olmalıdır. Bu çalışmada Angelus MTA, Biodentine ve yeni bir kalsiyum silikat esaslı materyal olan BIOfactor MTA’nın radyoopasitesi alüminyum basamaklı blok yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kalsiyum silikat esaslı materyaller olan Angelus MTA, Biodentine ve BIOfactor MTA üretici firmanın talimatları doğrultusunda karıştırıldı ve standart bir teflon kalıba yerleştirildi. Başlangıç sertleşmelerini tamamlayan materyaller kalıptan çıkarılarak 37°C'de, %95 nemli ortamda 48 saat inkübe edildi. Her gruptan alınan birer numune ve saf alüminyumdan yapılan oniki basamaklı merdiven şeklindeki blok, fosfor plak üzerine yerleştirilerek radyografisi çekildi. Dijital görüntüler bir yazılım kullanılarak bilgisayara aktarıldı. Numunelerin radyografik yoğunlukları Image J programı kullanılarak belirlendi ve değerler bir denklem kullanılarak milimetre alüminyum (mmAl)’a dönüştürüldü. İstatistiksel analiz için One-way ANOVA ve post-hoc Tukey testleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Ortalama radyoopasite değerleri Angelus MTA’nın 3.66, Biodentin’in 2.43 ve BIOfactor MTA’nın 4.41 mmAl idi. Sonuç: Biodentine en düşük radyoopasite değerini gösterirken, BIOfactor MTA en yüksek radyoopasite değerini gösterdi. Angelus MTA ve yeni bir materyal olan BIOfactor MTA’nın radyoopasitesi standarta uygundu.

Amaç: Bu in-vitro çalışmanın amacı, kahvede bekletilerek renklendirilen üniversal bir kompozit rezinin renk değişimine ve yüzey pürüzlülüğüne beyazlatıcı ağız gargarasının etkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma kapsamında, 8 mm çapında 2 mm kalınlığında teflon kalıplar yardımıyla üniversal bir kompozit rezinden (Quadrant Universal LC, Cavex) toplamda 20 adet örnek hazırlandı. Örnekler, 24 saat distile su içerisinde bekletildikten sonra başlangıç renk ölçümleri bir spektrofotometre yardımı ile yapıldı. Kahvede 7 gün boyunca renklendirilen örnekler, kontrol grubu ve beyazlatıcı ağız gargarası (Listerine Advance White) uygulanmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı (n=10). Başlangıç yüzey pürüzlülük (Ra) ölçümleri bir profilometre yardımı ile yapıldı. 24 saat ve 72 saat beyazlatıcı ağız gargarasında bekletildikten sonra renk ve pürüzlülük ölçümleri tekrarlandı. Renk değişiklikleri CIEDE2000 formulasyonu ile hesaplandı. Elde edilen veriler tek yönlü varyans analizi ve t testi ile istatistiksel analize tabii tutuldu (α=.05). Bulgular: Kahvenin kompozit örneklerinde klinik olarak fark edilebilir derecede renk değişimine neden olduğu gözlendi (ΔE00=3.10). Beyazlatıcı ağız gargarasının ΔE00 değerlerinde istatistiksel bir farklılık oluşturduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Bekletme süresi, renk değişiminde istatistiksel bir faklılığa sebep olurken (p0.05). Sonuç: Kahve gibi renklendirici içecekler kompozit rezinlerde renk değişimine neden olabilmektedir. Beyazlatıcı ağız gargarası, kompozit rezin yüzeyinde belirgin bir pürüzlülük artışına neden olmadan kahve renklenmelerinin giderilmesinde etkilidir.

Restorative procedures following endodontic treatment are crucial for preserving the functional integrity of the tooth, preventing coronal leakage, and pro

Background: The deep margin elevation (DME) technique provides advantages for root canal treatment, but the impact of applied irrigation protocols on bonding for subsequent restorations is a significant concern. The aim of this in vitro study was to test the bond strength of a flowable resin material used in DME restorations after composite restorations were exposed to different irrigation protocols. Methods: Standard composite samples (G-aenial^® Universal Injectable) were divided into nine groups according to irrigation protocols. Untreated composite sample were used as control. The group A were kept in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and the group B were kept in 3.5% chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) for 30 min. Then, the following treatment protocols were applied to the subgroups, respectively. Group1A/B: 17%EDTA + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group2A/B: 18%HEDP + 5.25%NaOCl + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group3A/B: 17%EDTA + 3.5%ClO₂ + Distilled Water + 2%CHX, Group4A/B: 18%HEDP + 3.5%ClO₂ + Distilled Water + 2%CHX. After irrigation procedures, samples were washed with distilled water and sandblasted. G-Premio Bond and composite restorations (G–aenial^® A’CHORD) were applied. The samples were then cut perpendicular to the interface with an IsoMet^® low speed diamond saw under water. For the microtensile bond strength test, rectangular sticks with an average cross-sectional area of ∼1 mm² will be obtained. The first section with 1-mm thickness was excluded to prevent its possible confounding effect on the results. Three sections were obtained of each sample (n = 15) and tested for microtensile bond strength. The analysis of the data collected in accordance with the purpose of the study was performed with One-way ANOVA (n = 15). For multiple comparisons between groups, it was evaluated with Tukey HSD test. Results: Groups A1 and A2, immersed in NaOCl for 30 min, showed statistically significantly lower bond strength compared to Group B3, immersed in ClO₂ for 30 min, and the control group (P < 0.05). The use of ClO₂ irrigation is recommended due to its positive effects on bond strength. Conclusion: Prolonged NaOCl irrigation may adversely affect the bond strength of flowable composites used for deep margin elevation.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of irrigant activation techniques on the push-out bond strengths of calcium silicate-based sealers. Material and Methods: 65 single-canal teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments. The specimens were randomly divided into two groups according to sealer type. Each group was randomly subgroup into four groups according to the final irrigation activation protocol; Nd:YAG laser, Vibringe, EndoActivator, Conventional Endodontic Needle Irrigation (n=6). The root canals were obturated with single gutta-percha and BioRoot RCS or MTA Fillapex. The teeth were sectioned into 1-mm-thick disc by using Isomet. Push-out force was applied until dislocation of obturating material and the bond strength value obtained was recorded as Newton. Data were analyzed using two-way Anova and Tukey HSD test (P = 0.05). Results: A significant interaction was found between sealers and irrigation methods (p <0.05), with the highest bond strength in the apical conventionel needle irrigation group and in the coronal Nd:YAG laser and control groups. The BioRoot RCS had higher bond strength values than the MTA Fillapex (p = 0.00). Higher bond strength values were observed from apical to coronally (p <0.05). Conclusion: Based on the present results, within the limitations of this study, calcium silicate-based sealer (MTA Fillapex and BioRoot RCS) showed better bond strength in the presence of the smear layer.