We aimed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of a novel sonographic scoring model and compare it with other methods in the evaluation of malignant major salivary gland tumors. We enrolled 138 patients who received neck ultrasound (US) with fine needle aspiration (FNA) and further operations or core needle biopsies for major salivary gland tumors from June 2015 to October 2021. The sonographic scoring model was presented as 2.08 × (vague boundary) + 1.75 × (regional lymphadenopathy) + 1.18 × (irregular or speculated shape) + 1.45 × (absence of posterior acoustic enhancement) + 2.4 × (calcification). We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the sonographic scoring model with shear wave elastography (SWE), real-time elastography (RTE), and US-FNA cytology for differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 58%, 89%, and 85% for the sonographic scoring model, 74%, 62%, and 64% for the SD of SWE with optimal cutoff value of 31.5 kPa, 69%, 70%, and 70% for the 4-point scoring system of RTE, and 74%, 93%, and 91% for US-FNA cytology, respectively. The sonographic scoring model is feasible as assistance in the evaluation of major salivary gland tumors. US-FNA cytology remains the tool of choice in diagnosing malignant salivary gland tumors.

This study presents the first report in the same patients on the time efficiency of surface registration as well as the navigational accuracy using optic and electromagnetic tracking systems.Thirty patients with bilateral chronic paranasal pansinusitis underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. After surface registration, the surgeries were performed on one side using optic navigation guidance and on the other side using electromagnetic navigation guidance. The intraoperative measurements performed included the time taken for the surface registration and surgical procedure on each side, as well as the navigation errors at the different locations.The time for surface registration was significantly longer in the optic navigation group than the electromagnetic group. A comparison of the navigation errors along the 3 axes showed that the deviation in the medial-lateral direction was significantly less than that in the anterior-posterior and cranial-caudal directions in the optic navigation group as well as the electromagnetic group.The procedure for surface registration in both optic and electromagnetic guidance is efficient and convenient. The accuracy of both navigation systems is comparable and within acceptable ranges for clinical use. In addition, the best accuracy was measured in the medial-lateral direction compared with the other two axes.

Conclusion: Simultaneous galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS)-cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and GVS-ocular (oVEMP) tests yielded similar information to that obtained in individual tests. Objective: This study compared the characteristic parameters of cVEMPs and oVEMPs via GVS between individual and simultaneous recording patterns in healthy and elderly subjects. Consequently, the effectiveness of simultaneous GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP tests was assessed. Methods: A total of 24 healthy and 16 elderly subjects were enrolled in this study. All participants underwent individual cVEMP, individual oVEMP, and simultaneous cVEMP and oVEMP testing via GVS mode in a random order. The response rates and characteristic parameters of cVEMPs and oVEMPs between individual and simultaneous tests, including latencies, intervals, and amplitudes, were measured. Results: The VEMP parameters, including latencies, intervals, and amplitudes, all demonstrated no significant differences between individual and simultaneous tests (p > 0.05, paired t test), either in healthy or elderly subjects. Pearson's correlation analyses also revealed significant positive correlations in all parameters between these two tests (p < 0.05).