Introduction: Globally, one in five individuals faces unemployment, which substantially increases their risk of developing mental disorders. Understanding the relationship between unemployment and specific mental health outcomes is crucial for formulating effective policy interventions.Methods: This study examines the relationship between unemployment and mental disorders across 201 countries from 1970 to 2020. Using a fixed-effects model, we analyze the impact of unemployment on various mental health outcomes, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, drug use, and eating disorders, with a focus on demographic variations.Results: The analysis reveals a significant positive association between unemployment and mental disorders, particularly anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder. Moreover, distinct patterns emerge, linking unemployment to higher rates of drug use and eating disorders in specific demographics.Discussion: These findings underscore the critical interplay between socio-economic factors and mental health, highlighting the need for proactive strategies to address the dual burden of unemployment and mental health disorders. Targeted interventions, such as employment support programs and accessible mental health services, are essential to improve global mental health outcomes. These initiatives can also alleviate the economic burden of unemployment by boosting workforce participation and productivity. Long-term economic gains may offset the increased healthcare expenditures associated with mental health support.

This paper targets the expansive soils in Heilongjiang and Ankang to explore the influence of initial dry density, dry‐wet cycle, and freeze‐thaw cycle on the soil‐water characteristics. The centrifuge method was used to obtain the soil‐water characteristic curves (SWCCs) with different conditions. The volumetric strain of SWCC was modified based on the shrinkage test, and the corresponding fitting equations considering different factors were established. The results show that the volumetric water content is modified to consider the volume shrinkage effect of expansive soil, and the modification is more obvious in the high matric suction range. The smaller the initial dry density is, the worse the water‐holding capacity of the sample is, and the smaller the air intake value is. The greater the time of the dry‐wet cycle is, the greater the saturated volumetric water content of the sample is, and the corresponding water‐holding capacity is significantly reduced. When the dry‐wet cycle increases to a certain extent, the structure becomes stable. With the increase of the freeze‐thaw cycle, the saturated volumetric water content first decreases and then increases. Similarly, after several times of the freeze‐thaw cycle, the structure is basically stable. The fitted Gardner model equations under different conditions were proved to be able to describe the SWCCs of the two targeted expansive soils.

Through three stress path tests of unsaturated Ili undisturbed loess, the effect of soluble salt content on the deformation of net mean stress, suction, and deviated stress were investigated. The mechanical properties of the normalized compression curve, soil water characteristic curve and critical state line were revealed. The test results indicate that: in the isotropic compression test, the normal compression curves controlling different suctions can be characterized by using the initial void ratio and the yield net mean stress, and can be described as a two-parameter exponential function. In the triaxial shrinkage test, the soil water characteristic curves controlling vary net mean stresses are dimensionless by using saturated moisture and air entry value, and the normalization formula can be characterized by a single parameter exponential function. In the consolidation shear test, the corresponding effective net mean stress is calculated by suction and saturation. The critical state lines under the unsaturated condition controlling vary suctions can be described as the critical state line under the saturated condition on the plane of effective net mean stress and deviator stress. When the effective net mean stress is constant, the critical state lines under the unsaturated condition can be characterized by the degree of gas saturation and the ratio of unsaturated void ratio to saturated void ratio. The research will offer reference pointing at the regulation and utilization of water and salt in the loess region of Central Asia, so as to better guarantee the sustainable development of saline-alkali land project construction.