Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has spread worldwide as an excellent source of proteins. To evaluate the efficiency of Se biofortification, four cultivars of V. faba (Belorussian, Russian Black, Hangdown Grünkernig, and Dreifach Weiβe) were foliar treated with 1.27 mM solutions of nano-Se, sodium selenate, and sodium selenite. Yield, protein, and Se contents were greatly affected by genetic factors and chemical form of Se. Selenium biofortification levels were negatively correlated with Se concentration in control plants and increased according to the following sequence: nano-Se < sodium selenite < sodium selenate. Contrary to selenate and selenite, nano-Se showed a growth-stimulating effect, improving yield, seed weight, and pod number. Pod thickness decreased significantly as a result of nano-Se supply and increased by 1.5–2.3 times under selenate and selenite supply. The highest Se concentrations were recorded in the seeds of Se-fortified cv. Belorussian and the lowest one in those of Se-treated Hangdown Grünkernig. Protein accumulation was varietal dependent and decreased upon 1.27 mM selenate and selenite treatment in the cvs. Hangdown Grünkernig and Dreifach Weiβe. The results indicate the high prospects of nano-Se supply for the production of faba bean seeds with high levels of Se.

ВНУТРИРЕГИОНАЛЬНАЯ ВАРИАБЕЛЬНОСТЬ СЕЛЕНОВОГО СТАТУСА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

Selenium plays an important antioxidant role in a living organism. At the same time, we often observe a deficit of selenium in natural environmental locations. Therefore, it is of great importance to elaborate and assess methods for the most efficient and environmentally safe intake of the necessary amount of this element in the human body with the consumption of vegetable food, among others. In this respect, the techniques of enriching plants with this microelement are promising. These techniques include additional introduction of selenium compounds into the soil and non-root intake. Our research consisted of an environmental assessment of the effect of selenium on biometric parameters, crop yield, and quality of spring wheat plants. Aziiev soft spring wheat, selenium microelement, meadow chernozemic soil were the objects of our study. It was determined that Se has a predominantly stimulating effect on the growth and development of wheat plants and their crop yield. A direct correlation between an increase in the applied doses of selenium and an increase in its content in wheat grain was identified. The results of our study can be applied for the development of appropriate methods for the use of selenium-containing micro fertilizers in certain environmental conditions.

The article presents results of long-term (2005–2022) field experiments on studying the distribution and migration of trace elements in the soil–plant–animal system as exemplified by agrocenoses of the southern forested steppe of Western Siberia. A biogeochemical assessment is presented for contents of trace elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, and Se) in the trophic chains under certain agroecological conditions, and geochemical factors affecting the accumulation of trace elements in various types of soils and plants growing on them are analyzed. Normative quantitative characteristics are determined for the effects of trace elements on the chemical composition of the soil, the productivity and quality of the plants of grain and of the fodder and vegetable crops. Relationships between major and trace elements when they enter plants are demonstrated to depend on the levels and ratios of the concentrations of the chemical elements in the soil and the physiological needs of the plant organism during its different ontogenesis stages. The parameters of the intake of trace elements into the body of animals with plant fodder under the conditions of model experiments are established. Structural and functional changes in the animal organs during feeding on crop products grown with different contents of trace elements are analyzed.

Herbicide treatment for agricultural crops may cause dramatic damage to production amount and quality. The aim of the present investigation was to compare different silicon formulations to assess their efficiency in maintaining faba bean plant growth with the herbicide spray Dicameron. Soil pollution due to Dicameron caused an intensive oxidant stress, decreasing bean pods, seed number and weight, antioxidant activity (AOA) and polyphenol content (TP), leaf chlorophyll, and carotene, sharply increasing proline level, and creating pod and leaf anomalies. All the Si formulations, i.e., ionic Si forms in the presence of microelements (Siliplant) or terpenes (BioSi), Si nanoparticles, and organic silicon adjuvant siloxane polyalkylene oxide (Atomic), significantly restored bean antioxidant status and leaf photosynthetic pigment accumulation, enhancing plant defense, as indicated by the proline level decrease. Only the ionic form of Si in the Siliplant formulation, containing essential microelements, facilitated the recovery of pod form and seed weight, while nano-Si was the most effective treatment for bean AOA restoration, and Atomic was the best in rebalancing chlorophyll and the worst in decreasing proline content. A strong beneficial effect of ionic Si in the presence of terpenes (BioSi) was recorded only on the yield of the control plants which did not undergo herbicide spraying. The results indicate a moderate beneficial effect of siloxane adjuvant on plant performance and antioxidant defense level and the highest positive impact on broad bean protection in response to the ionic Si (Siliplant formulation) supply also containing Cu, Zn, Mo, Mn, Fe, and B.

The article presents the results of long-term field experiments (2005-2022) to study the distribution and migration of trace elements in the soil-plant-animal system on the example of agrocenoses of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. A biogeochemical assessment of the content of trace elements (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Se) in trophic chains under certain agroecological conditions is given. The analysis of geochemical factors affecting the accumulation of trace elements in various types of soils and plants growing on them has been carried out. Normative quantitative characteristics of the action of trace elements on the chemical composition of the soil, productivity and quality of plants of grain, fodder and vegetable crops have been established. The relationship of macro- and microelements when they enter plants is shown, depending on the level and ratio of chemical elements in the soil, the physiological needs of the plant organism at different stages of ontogenesis.The parameters of the intake of trace elements into the body of animals with plant food under the conditions of model experiments have been established. Structural and functional changes in animal organs during feeding with crop products grown with different content of trace elements are analyzed.