This article aims to present the possibility of using the low-cost iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR scanning device for inspections in the process of mineshaft sinking. The main goal of the research was to assess the accuracy and usefulness of the 3D models generated by the scanner. Measurements were performed at seven different concrete lining intervals before the final lining was completed. The measurements were made at the GG-1 ventilation shaft in Kwielice, Poland, at depths from 1320 to 1350 m below ground level. For better understanding of the true potential of using simple spatial models in the shaft sinking process, part of the shaft sinking cycle, in accordance with PeBeKa working technology, is first presented. Validation using professional TLS demonstrates the usefulness of the iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR scanner for the purpose of inspections that do not require a high level of accuracy. Additionally, a quick and reliable method of volume calculation using open-source software is shown and evaluated.

Article aims to present possibility of application low-cost LiDAR scanner of iPhone 13Pro for workings inspections in mining shaft sinking process. Main goal of research was to verify accuracy and usefulness of generated 3D models. Measurements were conducted inside model of mining shaft on the surface. Based on validation, conducted with use of professional TLS, iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR scanner usefulness was proved for inspections that dont need high accuracy. Tested iPhone 13 Pro LiDAR scanner measures up to 5m with accuracy class 2,5. With simultaneous camera recording provides quick triaxial reflection of object with color and texture of material.

This article investigates the feasibility of using cost-effective photogrammetry for monitoring convergence and lining deformation in the SW-4 mineshaft operated by KGHM. The study begins with a detailed description of the geological and operational environment of the mineshaft, with particular emphasis on the challenges posed by the rheological behavior of rock salt, which can lead to time-dependent deformations impacting shaft stability and safety. The methodology includes an overview of conventional convergence measurement techniques currently in use, followed by the design and implementation of a custom stereo-photogrammetric research platform. This platform was subjected to comprehensive validation, both in surface conditions and within the underground environment of the shaft. Surface trials incorporated comparative analysis with data acquired using a professional terrestrial laser scanner to assess the accuracy and reliability of the photogrammetric approach. Despite certain limitations in data acquisition due to the harsh underground conditions, two successful photogrammetric surveys were conducted within a shaft interval previously measured using high-precision laser tachymetry. These trials produced two dense point clouds that enabled precise measurement of displacement in both the shaft lining and the mining face over a four-month period. The results demonstrate the potential of this approach for detecting small-scale deformations and suggest that, with minor refinements to data capture and processing workflows, the proposed method can become a valuable tool for long-term monitoring and geomechanical analysis in the SW-4 rock salt section.

Underground mining operations depend heavily on vertical shafts for access, ventilation, and ore transport, making their structural integrity and safety critical to overall mine performance. Traditional shaft inspections, though rigorous, are limited by human accessibility, environmental hazards, and subjective evaluation. This study presents the development and initial testing of a novel unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system designed specifically for shaft inspections in deep mining environments. The research focuses on the GG-1 shaft in Kwielice, Poland—the country’s deepest operational shaft—where challenging conditions such as high ventilation airflow, confined geometry, and absence of GNSS signals necessitated innovative solutions. A custom-built hexacopter equipped with high-resolution cameras and photogrammetric capabilities was deployed to capture detailed visual and spatial data. This article presents complementary path of UAV evolution, from concept, early development stage and results without positioning system through to the description of final results including positioning system and all six cameras until results of high-altitude flights. Results demonstrate that UAV-based inspection can deliver sufficient precision for identifying structural irregularities, documenting shaft infrastructure, and enhancing safety monitoring. The findings highlight the potential of UAV technology as a complementary tool to conventional inspections, offering improved data quality, reduced risk to personnel, and a new approach to shaft maintenance.