Background: Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), has emerged as a leading antimicrobial-resistant pathogen challenging global health systems and antibiotic therapy. Pigs have been identified as important reservoirs for livestock-associated MRSA. The major concern with MRSA occurrence in pigs is the potential for human transmission. Reports on the prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and MRSA strains in pigs in Nigeria are still limited, hence, the need for this study. This study was designed to investigate the prevalence of MRSA and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in pig farms in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, and to determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. Methods: We collected 93 composites (n = 5; total n = 465) of faecal samples from pigs in twenty-five farms across five local government areas in Ibadan, Nigeria. Isolation of S. aureus was conducted using standard procedures. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and compared with the CLSI and EUCAST standards for sensitivity and resistance. Results: The prevalence of S. aureus was 31.2%, with the proportion of MSSA and MRSA isolates being 23.7% and 7.5%, respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles revealed a high multidrug resistance prevalence among both MSSA (86.4%) and MRSA (100%). All MRSA isolates and 40.9% (9/22) of MSSA were found to be resistant to at least five different sub-classes of antibiotics. Conclusions: This study supports the existing reports on pigs being an important reservoir of highly resistant S. aureus strains. The high multidrug resistance and the occurrence of MRSA may be evidence of continuous antimicrobial exposure and substandard hygienic practices on these farms. This is undesirable because it constitutes a health hazard for farmers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, and pork consumers, who may further disseminate these highly resistant strains to their families and society. There is a need for further surveillance and a multisectoral approach involving policymakers, farmers, health practitioners, and the public in implementing good infection control practices and safe antibiotic usage from the grassroots level on farms in line with the vision of the one health approach.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recorded as a fast-growing One Health challenge globally. The major driver of AMR is the inappropriate use of antibiotics in humans and animals. A substantial volume of antimicrobials is consumed by the animal industry for the treatment of Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections, which is a challenge; therefore, the understanding of AMR in animals is critical in solving this rising One Health problem. This study assessed the resistance level of some critically important antibiotics to E. coli bacteria isolates from cattle fecal samples. A total of twenty-eight composite (n = 5) fecal samples were collected from farms in four different Local Government Areas (LGAs) within Ibadan: Akinyele LGA:7, Ibadan north LGA:12, Ido LGA:4, and Lagelu LGA:5. Standard microbiological methods were used for isolation, antibiotic sensitivity tests (ASTs), and ESBL production. A total of 22 (78.6%) E. coli isolates were recovered, and the results showed resistance to critically important antibiotics in ascending order; streptomycin (0.00%), meropenem (0.00%), gentamicin (4.55%), ceftazidime (18.8%), sulphamethazole (22.73%), cefotaxime (54.55%), ampicillin (63.64%), pefloxacin (81.82%), and amoxicillin–clavulanate (100%). Of the 22 positive E. coli isolates, 8 (36.4%) were ESBL-producing and 17 (60.7%) were multidrug-resistant. ESBL enzymes share the ability to hydrolyze third-generation Cephalosporin, and this makes ESBL-producing E. coli exhibit resistance to antibiotics (especially Cephalosporins). The results show the possibility of AMR becoming a looming pandemic globally. The presence of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in cattle in Ibadan was established. Resistance to third-generation Cephalosporin antibiotics is of public health significance. Ensuring antimicrobial stewardship and prescription-based medication, alternative therapies to antibiotics, and the adoption of a collaborative approach are measures to preventing an AMR pandemic.