Temperature is an important factor influencing the treatment effect of biological aerated filters (BAFs). In this study, BAFs incorporating biological manganese oxides (BMOs) were used to treat micro-polluted source water containing organic masses and ammonia, and the influence of temperature on the removal efficiency of the pollutants was investigated. The results showed that after the formation of biogenic manganese oxides (BMOs) in the filter layer, the removal efficiency of CODMn significantly improved. When the water temperature was approximately 24 °C, 16 °C, and 6~8 °C, the removal rates of COD_Mn, ammonia, and manganese were 60.64, 42.55, and 20.48; 98.40, 95.58, and 85.04; and 98.70, 97.63, and 96.38%, respectively. The influence of water temperature on the removal efficiency of the pollutants was hierarchically structured as follows: COD_Mn > ammonia > manganese. Analysis of the removal efficiencies of the pollutants along the filter layer showed that COD_Mn had been eliminated in every filtration layer, and ammonia and manganese were mainly removed in the 0~0.4 m and 0~0.8 m regions of the filter layer, respectively. With a decreasing water temperature, the concentrations of COD_Mn, ammonia, and manganese along the filter layer increased. The biological COD_Mn, manganese, and ammonia removal processes were all first-order kinetic reactions. With a decreasing water temperature, the kinetic constant k gradually decreased, and the reaction half-life (t_1/2) gradually increased.

Achieving sustainable development is not only the need for our country’s current development, but also a common challenge for all countries in the world. Therefore, Permaculture based on the concept of sustainability is of great significance to my country’s land planning, and “Sansheng Space” is also the guidepost of the spatial development of China’s national land. In this paper, we study the concept of Permaculture and the “Sansheng Space”, and use the Pu Ran Farm as a real case to combine the concept of Permaculture with the “Sansheng Space”, and apply the design principles of Permaculture to the “Sansheng Space” planning. The strategy of Permaculture suitable for the planning of “Sansheng Space” of leisure farms is analyzed and summarized, which can provide some reference for rural land planning.