This study aims to provide an overview of the compounds found in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) that contribute to its anti-diabetic activity and the mechanisms by which they act. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, with specific search terms and Boolean operators. A total of 269 articles were initially retrieved, but after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria only 28 articles were selected for further review. Among the findings, four varieties of sweet potato were identified as having potential anti-diabetic properties. Phenolic acids, flavonols, flavanones, and anthocyanidins are responsible for the anti-diabetic activity of sweet potatoes. The anti-diabetic mechanism of sweet potatoes was determined using a combination of components with multi-target actions. The results of these studies provide evidence that Ipomoea batatas is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains potentially anti-cancer active compounds, namely brazilin and brazilein which are soluble in ethyl acetate. This study is conducted to evaluate the anticancer activity of secang wood in cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro and molecular mechanisms that selectively mediate their cytotoxic effects on several cancer cells through molecular docking or in silico. The anticancer potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of secang wood through its cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells was carried out with MTT assay and calculated the IC₅₀ value. The molecular mechanism is carried out in silico with the target protein p53 and caspase 9 using the autodock 4.2 program. The docking process includes protein and active compounds preparation, validation of molecular docking methods and docking brazilein as the active substance with the target protein. The docking score is measured by binding energy value between brazilein and the target protein. The fraction of secang wood was cytotoxic in HeLa cells with IC₅₀ values of 48.71 μg/mL. The docking results showed that brazilein had an affinity for the target proteins p53 and caspase 9 with binding energies of -8.24 and -6.71 kcal / mol, respectively.

Extraction is one of the most important phases in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries, as it enables the isolation of valuable compounds from raw materials. Ipomoea batatas L. leaf extract has anti-diabetic qualities due to anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavanones, and phenolic acids. The goal of this study is to maximize extraction on a production scale with total flavonoids and fingerprint profiles that closely resemble standardized extracts. In this study, extraction was performed using the percolator method with optimization parameters, including ethanol concentration (40, 50, 60, and 70%) and wetting time (0.5, 3, and 24 h). Quality control in extraction was assessed through the total flavonoids and fingerprint analysis. TLC was used to determine the fingerprints of Ipomoea batatas L. leaf extract, followed by multivariate analysis. Using 60% ethanol and 3 h of wetting time produced total flavonoids of 19.86 ± 0.2 mg quercetin/g and a fingerprint close to the control with a similarity of 94.87%. Ethanol concentration and wetting time are critical parameters in Ipomoea batatas L. extraction. Quality control through total flavonoid determination and fingerprint analysis during the extraction process provides a standardized approach to maintain the quality, safety, and efficacy of Ipomoea batatas L. natural products.

Ekstrak etanol daun ubi jalar ungu (Ipomoea batatas L “IBL”) memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiabetes dan kandungan total flavonoid (KTF) ditetapkan sebagai quality marker (Q-Marker) dalam pembuatan kapsul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan KTF sebagai Q-marker kapsul OHT ekstrak etanol daun IBL sebagai antidiabetes. Penetapan KTF sebagai Q-marker melibatkan: (1) Identifikasi puncak serapan komplek quersetin-AlCl3, (2) Verifikasi metode, dan (3) Uji keseragaman kandungan kapsul daun IBL. Komplek quersetin-AlCl3 memberikan pergeseran batokromik pada pita I dari 380 nm sebelum direaksikan menuju 430 nm setelah terbentuk kompleks, yang digunakan untuk menetapkan KTF pada kapsul OHT. Uji verifikasi metode diperoleh koefisien korelasi = 0,998, RSD intraday sebesar 0,76-2,00% dan RSD interday sebesar 0,87-1,96%, dan akurasi perolehan kembali pada rentang 82,88-91,83%. Hasil uji keseragaman kandungan kapsul dari keempat bets diperoleh rerata kandungan dari 10 kapsul masing-masing bets sebesar 100% dan nilai RSD pada rentang 3,22-4.57%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah KTF sebagai Q-marker dapat digunakan sebagai penanda kuantitatif untuk menjaga mutu sediaan kapsul daun IBL. Penetapan KTF dengan metode sesuai dengan FHI telah memenuhi persyaratan verifikasi, menunjukkan bahwa metode tersebut dapat digunakan dan berpotensi sebagai kontrol kualitas dalam pembuatan kapsul daun IBL pada skala produksi.