Purpose Urologists and radiologists should be aware of the computed tomography (CT) scans appearance of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) with the various hemostatic agents since they may confound the interpretation of these radiographic findings. We report the various postoperative CT scan appearance and changes after LPN Material and methods We reviewed CT scans retrospectively (within 3 months) of 86 patients who underwent LPN using various hemostatic agents between March 2008 and July 2014. We analyzed the CT findings after LPN, including postoperative changes, tumor recurrence, and complications. We also discuss changes in abnormal features, such as mass-like lesions and gas formation, on follow-up CT scans.. Results To categorize the postoperative changes, we classified them according to their specific CT findings. i) a combination of perinephric stranding and postsurgical fluid collection (n = 46), ii) mass-like lesions (n = 35), iii) a parenchymal defect (n = 2), iv) local recurrence at the surgical site (n = 1), v) a large hematoma as a complication after LPN (n = 2), vi) gas pockets, which may be a response to postsurgical fluid collection around soft tissue (n = 35), vii) fat at the excision site (n = 2; Fig. 7); and viii) contrast extravasation in the delayed phase (n = 1). Mass-like lesions were visible in 35 cases. The average change in size of bolster masses was –1.19 mm/month. However, the overall change in enhancement of mass-like lesions was not significant over time. Foci of gas were noted in 16 patients at the resection site in the first follow-up period (<3months), as late as 40 days after surgery. Conclusions Knowledge of CT imaging features and changes in hemostatic agents following LPN is important in interpreting postoperative CT scans, as postoperative changes can be confused with tumor recurrence and can mimic abscesses

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is widely performed and enables the detection of fetal chromosomal abnormalities through the analysis of cell-free fetal DNA in maternal blood. Since its introduction in 2011, NIPT has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for common trisomies (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13), and its scope has rapidly expanded to include sex chromosome aneuploidies, microdeletion syndromes, and single-gene disorders. However, the widespread adoption of NIPT has brought new challenges, including technical limitations (e.g., low fetal fraction, placental mosaicism), interpretation of variants of uncertain significance, and ethical concerns related to over-screening and patient anxiety. This review summarizes the historical evolution, technical advances, clinical applications, limitations, and future perspectives of NIPT, emphasizing the need for balanced clinical implementation and ongoing innovation.

Background: Benign bladder tumors are rare disease entities, and insufficient studies have assessed their epidemiological characteristics. The authors investigated the prevalence of benign bladder tumors by retrospectively investigating pathology reports of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) procedures over the past 20 years.Methods: We analyzed 1,674 pathology reports of TURBT conducted in 1,160 patients from January 1, 2000, to April 30, 2022. The prevalence of benign tumors and histological classification according to the presence of primary (group 1) and recurrent (group 2) bladder lesions were retrospectively investigated. Results: The mean age of patients was 65.2±11.5 years, and 1,284 cases (79.1%) were in men. Benign bladder tumors comprised 278 cases (248 patients) accounting for about 17.1% of the total TURBT cases (278/1,624). Furthermore, 184 patients (16.0%, 184/1,147) belonged to group 1 and 78 patients (27.4%, 78/285) belonged to group 2. Among all benign lesions that underwent TURBT, cystitis was the most common (41.0%, 114/278), and this rate was higher in group 2 (64/184 [34.8%] vs. 50/94 [53.2%], p<0.001). The prevalence of non-neoplastic lesions was higher in group 1 (44/184 [23.9] vs. 11/94 [11.7%], p<0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of noninvasive urothelial neoplasms between the two groups (22/184 [12.0%] vs. 8/94 [8.5%], p=0.86).Conclusions: The probability of benign lesions in TURBT was 17.1%, among which cystitis was the most common. When TURBT was performed for recurrent lesions, the frequency of benign tumors was higher than that of primary benign bladder tumors.

Background: Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (rsRARP) is a surgical procedure that can minimize the resection of surrounding prostate tissue by enabling access through the anterior surface of the Douglas pouch. We reported our initial experiences with rsRARP compared to conventional robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP).Methods: Retrospective data were collected from March 2019 to June 2022, including 69 patients who underwent robotic radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. The operations were performed at a single center, and we alternated between the two methods. Perioperative characteristics and oncologic and functional outcomes were analyzed.Results: In total, 35 patients underwent RARP and 34 patients underwent rsRARP. The preoperative characteristics of the patients were similar. Oncologic and functional parameters were analyzed postoperatively. Except for early recovery of urinary incontinence (immediate, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months: p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.004, and p=0.014, respectively), there were no significant differences between the two groups. We also analyzed trends in operation time and oncologic and functional outcomes according to the progression of rsRARP cases.Conclusions: rsRARP has the major advantage of enabling an early recovery from urinary incontinence after surgery, and it is also a good surgical approach that shows oncologically similar results to the conventional approach. It is also highly reproducible and can be recommended to surgeons new to robotic radical prostatectomy.