The shortage of healthcare workers is a growing concern. The COVID-19 pandemic and retirement wave have accelerated turnover rates. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyse the existing interventions for job retention of healthcare workers, in terms of nurses and physicians, in a hospital setting. A comprehensive search was conducted within three electronic databases, guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) guidelines, this resulted in 55 records that met the inclusion criteria. The intervention outcomes are categorized into substantial themes: onboarding, transition program to a different unit, stress coping, social support, extra staffing, coping with the demands of patient care, work relationships, development opportunities and department resources, job environment, work organization, recruitment approach, and technological innovations. Considering the literature, onboarding programs and mentoring for nurses and physicians are recommended. Additionally, other interventions described in this review could positively affect the retention of nurses and physicians. When selecting an intervention for implementation, managers and human resources should consider the intervention that matches the determinant of intention to leave of their healthcare workers and the hospital’s mission, vision, and values. Sharing the success stories of implemented interventions may benefit healthcare organizations.

Introduction: Burnout is a major concern in medical education and healthcare. Despite growing attention, little is known about how burnout and engagement evolve within the different phases of medical education or which factors shape these outcomes within each phase. This study assesses phase-specific trajectories of burnout and engagement and identifies the demands, resources, and personality traits associated with these outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study with three annual measurement waves was conducted among medical students and residents (n = 1.257) from all five universities in Flanders, Belgium. Three cohorts (i.e. bachelor students, master students, and residents) were followed for three consecutive years, using an open cohort design. Data were collected annually: at baseline (T0), after one year (T1), and after two years (T2). Linear mixed-effects models and cross-lagged panel analyses were used to examine temporal changes in burnout complaints and engagement; and to identify key demands, resources and personality traits within each cohort. Results: Within each cohort, burnout complaints increased gradually over time, while engagement declined. Within all learning phases, workload and work-home conflict were identified as primary demands, whereas meaningfulness was identified as the main resource, followed by learning opportunities. Neuroticism was positively associated with burnout complaints and negatively with engagement, while perfectionistic strivings correlated positively with engagement. Conclusion: This study demonstrates how burnout complaints and engagement evolve within learning phases in medical education and identifies key determinants underlying these trajectories. Efforts should prioritize reducing perceived workload and work–home conflict, while strengthening meaningfulness and learning opportunities. In addition, acknowledging individual personality traits may help tailor interventions.

Objective: Interdisciplinary interventions for chronic low back pain are diverse, and there is a need to reach consensus on the content of rehabilitation. Design: A three-round Delphi survey was conducted across international networks, a world physiotherapy specialty group, and the research team. The first round contained a checklist, based on previous research on interdisciplinary rehabilitation for people with chronic low back pain. Participants rated all items, subitems, clarifications, and questions on three content-validity indicators: (a) clarity and comprehensibility, (b) unique value, and (c) alignment with the goal. General questions were asked, together with qualitative feedback and missing items. A sensitivity analysis was conducted in anticipation of a possible overrepresentation of participants from a specific region. Setting: Clinical practice and research. Participants: Clinicians or researchers with knowledge and/or experience in the field of chronic low back pain and/or rehabilitation. Main measures: Consensus scores and qualitative feedback. Results: After three rounds, consensus was reached on all subitems. There was an overrepresentation of Belgian participants. The sensitivity analysis, removing Belgian responses, showed no or little differences in consensus scores. Consensus was reached on a comprehensive checklist comprising 11 items essential to rehabilitation for people with chronic low back pain. Additionally, 32 subitems with corresponding questions were identified, ensuring coverage of all aspects of rehabilitation for people with chronic low back pain. Conclusion: This study developed an evidence- and consensus-based checklist for interdisciplinary rehabilitation in people with chronic low back pain. Future work should assess implementation and uptake in research and clinical practice.