The present study was conducted to appraise the anticancer activity of Pinus roxburghii essential oil along with chemical composition evaluation. MTT assay revealed cytotoxicity induction in colon, leukemia, multiple myeloma, pancreatic, head and neck and lung cancer cells exposed to essential oil. Cancer cell death was also observed through live/dead cell viability assay and FACS analysis. Apoptosis induced by essential oil was confirmed by cleavage of PARP and caspase-3 that suppressed the colony-forming ability of tumor cells and 50 % inhibition occurred at a dose of 25 μg/mL. Moreover, essential oil inhibited the activation of inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB and inhibited expression of NF-κB regulated gene products linked to cell survival (survivin, c-FLIP, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, c-Myc, c-IAP2), proliferation (Cyclin D1) and metastasis (MMP-9). P. roxburghii essential oil has considerable anticancer activity and could be used as anticancer agent, which needs further investigation to identify and purify the bioactive compounds followed by in vivo studies.

Background: Currently, developing methods for the formation of nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties based on green chemistry are the research hotspots. In this research, green biosynthesis of Eriobotrya japonica extract loaded silver nanoparticles and their characterization were the main objectives to achieve. Methods: Green synthesis of E. japonica leaves extract-loaded silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out and its effect on bacterial growth was examined. The reduction of silver ions in the solution was observed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The properties of AgNPs were assessed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Xray Diffraction (XRD). Also, their antibacterial effects were checked against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Results: It was revealed that 5-50 nm sized spherical to elongated nanoparticles were synthesized that possessed comparatively better antibacterial potential against E. coli and S. aureus than the conventional extract of the E. japonica leaves. Conclusions: Green synthesis and effective utilization of Eriobotrya japonica extract loaded silver nanoparticles are a promising approach for nanoparticle production avoiding negative environmental impacts.

Hypericum oblongifolium is a potent source of bioactive constituents. A series of pharmacological properties, ranging from wound healing and antiseptic to antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, ethanol intake inhibition, and apoptosis-inducing activities have been associated with this plant. The current research project was designed to investigate the new secondary metabolites in H. oblongifolium having excellent pharmaceutical potential. In the present investigation two new cholestane-type steroids, hyperinoate A (1) and hyperinoate B (2) were isolated from a chloroform soluble fraction of the whole plant of H. oblongifolium. Structures of isolated new compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic data including 1D (1HNMR, 13CNMR) and 2D (HMBC, COSY, NOESY) NMR and mass spectrometry (EIMS, HREIMS) data. After structure elucidation, new compounds were named 6α-hydroxy-14α-methyl Cholestan-3-yl-acetate and 6α,25-dihydroxy-14α-methyl Cholestane-3-yl-acetate. Both steroids showed promising inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase (LOX) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes. Especially hyperinoate A (1) inhibited the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme with IC50 41.7± 0.15 µM whereas Baicalein (positive control) had IC50 42.3 ± 0.20 µM. Similarly, Hyperinoate B (2) (56.3 ± 0.33 µM) showed higher inhibition than Galantamine (positive control) 53.8 ± 0.54 µM. These results were validated with in-silico molecular docking investigations. The greater binding affinity of hyperinoate A (1) (-9.2 Kcal/mol) against LOX-5(PDB ID 3V99) showed higher inhibition as compared to baicalein (positive control) (-7.7 Kcal/mol). The binding affinities of hyperinoate B (2) (-10.5 Kcal/mol) were close to galantamine (-10.6 Kcal/mol). All in-vitro and in-silico results revealed that both newly isolated compounds showed moderate inhibition against lipoxygenase (LOX) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes.

Malachite green (MG) dye known for its severe toxicity poses significant health hazards, including risks of cancer, genetic mutations, and respiratory damage. This investigation highlights an eco-friendly, sustainable, economical, and efficient green approach for fabrication of silver oxide-zinc oxide bimetallic nanoparticles (AgO-ZnO BMNPs). The purpose of this study is to optimize the degradation process of MG dye under light exposure. To achieve this, we successfully prepared biogenic AgO-ZnO BMNPs crystals. The compositions, structures, morphologies, and optical behavior of these BMNPs were analyzed by UV–vis, SEM, XRD, EDX and FTIR techniques. AgO-ZnO BMNPs showed absorption peaks by UV–vis analysis at 215, 289 nm for silver and at 219, 278 nm for zinc. XRD analysis showed the crystal size of AgO-ZnO BMNPs was 10 nm determined by the Scherrer equation. The results revealed that the AgO-ZnO BMNPs degrade 95 % MG dye in 40 min at pH 10 using 300 mg/L dose. The antimicrobial ability of AgO-ZnO BMNPs was assessed against harmful bacterial strains. The results revealed that these BMNPs have good inhibition potential against all tested strains. The AgO-ZnO BMNPs exhibit high photocatalytic efficiency and strong antimicrobial potential, indicating their effectiveness in degrading pollutants and combating harmful bacteria. The comprehensive results suggest that these green-synthesized AgO-ZnO BMNPs hold significant potential for use in versatile applications.