The Covid 19 pandemic has caused children to spend more time at home and an increase in their digital addiction tendencies. Children’s digital game addictions were affected by parents’ strategies and negatively affected their social and emotional development. The study was carried out in order to determine the digital game addiction tendency levels of children and the strategies applied by the parents, and to examine the correlation between the results obtained and the social-emotional development of the children. The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. 142 children attending pre-school education for 60–72 months were included in the study. Personal Information Form, Digital Game Addiction Tendency Scale, Digital Game Parental Mediation Scale and Ages & Stages Questionnaires: Social-Emotional were used. As a result, the increase in digital game addiction in children has negatively affected social and emotional development. The level of digital game addiction tendency is associated with parents’ digital game manipulation strategies. Active parental guidance strategy prevented children’s digital game addiction tendency, while digital oriented guidance and free parental strategies increased addiction tendency.

The key for individuals to live in health and well-being is the development of healthy living habits. In order for a healthy life habit to be formed, the relevant behaviors must be acquired in the preschool period. This study aimed to promote health knowledge among children attending preschool through health education. The study was designed using the qualitative case study design. The Personal Information Form and Health Hunter Children Follow Health Interview Form were used as data collection tools in the study. Health education activities were implemented in order to improve children’s knowledge about health. Activities consisted of physical activity, personal hygiene, injury prevention, sleeping habits, healthy nutrition, healthy life, and paramedic and treatment services categories. Activities were applied to children twice a week for eight weeks. As a result of the study, an improvement was observed in children’s knowledge about health. The answers given by the children before and after the Health Education Activities were collected in the categories of nutrition, safe life, illness status, well-being, hygiene, environmental health, and sports.

Introduction: COVID-19 is the greatest pandemic of the 21st century. This cross-sectional study determined the factors that cause COVID-19 transmission in the household, increase in susceptibility of contacts, and increase in contagiousness of the primary case, and developed predictive calculations for determining secondary attack rate in the household. Methodology: A total of 701 households with positive COVID-19 test cases, and 1813 adults living in these households, were studied from August 24-31, 2020 in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey. All the participants were interviewed by phone. The participants were divided into two groups: positives included those with positive Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests, negatives included those with a negative test and those who were without a PCR test. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: The secondary attack rate was 31.5%. Being male, having an education level > 8 years, living in the city, low number of people living in the household, having a severe illness, non-compliance with isolation requirement, and nonadherence to wearing masks increased contagiousness. The factors that increased the sensitivity of the household were determined as being female, having an education level of over 8 years, and being obese. Conclusions: The secondary attack rate (SAR) was higher in Turkey than in other countries and there was limited compliance with quarantine and isolation measures. Household transmission can be reduced by interventions such as masks, isolation, and quarantine. The transmission of COVID-19 in households can be reduced if preventive measures are taken in the early stages of infection.

Background: Workplaces play a critical role in developing ocular diseases, owing to the risk of accidents. This study aimed to evaluate the ocular health of industrial workers by determining the prevalence of foreign body injury, refractive error, dry eye, and pterygium/pingueculae, as well as the factors influencing these diseases. Methods: This study involved on-site examinations of workers from an industrial area hosting marble processing factories and metal sectors. Data such as refractive error, foreign body injury-related corneal nephelium, pterygium/pingueculae presence, and Schirmer test-assisted dry eye evaluation were all collected. Results: The average age of workers was 35.78±10.05 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 20:220. The majority of workers had completed primary school (56.3%), smoked >1 cigarette/day (57.6%), and did not use any assistive devices for bodily functions (88.3%). On average, working hours/week were 55.07±8.79, and working years were 5.99±7.00. Dry eyes were found in 31 (22%), and 35 (34%) marble and metal workers, respectively (p=0.042). 11 (7.9%) marble workers and 29 (28%) metal workers had foreign body ocular injury-related corneal nephelium (p=0.0001). Furthermore, pterygium/pingueculae were revealed in 17 marble workers (12.3%) and three metal workers (3%) (p=0.009). Conclusions: Ocular health is essential, and routine ocular health screening in industrial workers, as well as workplace safety measures, should be implemented to prevent potential occupational accidents.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects and relationships between mast cells in the matrix, mast cell enzymes tryptase and chymase, epithelial proliferation, microvascular density, and bone destruction in cholesteatoma. Thirty-five biopsies diagnosed with cholesteatoma and seven healthy skin tissues taken from the retro-auricular region for control were evaluated. Immunohistochemical studies were performed with CD117, CD34, Ki-67, chymase, and tryptase antibodies, in a single session for all cases and the control group. The relationship between erosion size and antibody load was determined. The mean cholesteatoma epithelium Ki-67 was higher than the control group (p < 0.001). CD117-positive mast cells, chymase-positive mast cells, tryptase-positive mast cells, and microvessel density were significantly higher in the cholesteatoma matrix compared to the control group (p < 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.005). In the group with bone erosion scores of two and above, immunohistochemical markers tended to be higher. A positive correlation was found between CD117 and chymase, tryptase, and microvessel density; between tryptase, chymase, and microvessel density; and between chymase and microvessel density. CD117-positive mast cells and chymase-positive mast cells stimulate angiogenesis, increase the epithelium’s proliferative capacity in the cholesteatoma matrix, and form cholesteatoma. The increased proliferation of cholesteatoma epithelium and increased vascular density in the matrix exacerbate bone erosion.