To assess the frequency and age distribution of Axis I and Axis II diagnoses among Polish patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). One hundred sixty-three (n = 163) consecutive adult patients seeking TMD treatment were assessed based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) guidelines. Descriptive statistics on the frequency of diagnoses and mean age of the diagnostic groups was performed. Frequency of muscle disorders, disc displacements, and other joint disorders was 56.9, 48.9, and 31%, respectively. Disc displacement was the most common diagnosis in younger patients. Severe somatization and depression were shown in 11.9 and 15.8% of patients, respectively. Only 10.5% of the patients showed severe pain-related impairment. Females tended to have higher psychosocial scores than males. The frequency of Axis I TMD diagnoses in Polish patients is similar to other populations, whereas Axis II findings slightly differ from previous reports from other countries.

The objective was to evaluate metal ion accumulation in hair of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in time. The patients (N = 47) participated in a questionnaire survey. Hair sampling was performed at the beginning and in the 4th, 8th, and 12th month of the treatment. The content of metals (Cr, Ni, Fe) in hair was analyzed by ICP–OES equipped with USN nebulizer. The peak release of Cr and Fe occurred after 4 months of the treatment, and the peak release of Ni gradually increased throughout the whole year of the therapy. During 1 year treatment, an average accumulation of metals in hair tissue was 7.42 ± 14.19 μg of Ni, 8.94 ± 13.1 μg of Cr, and 131 ± 279 μg of Fe. The mean content of Cr was higher than the 90th percentile value for this element. The upper limit of literature reference ranges for Cr, Ni, and Fe in hair was not exceeded. The value of exposure (kinetics and dose) of orthodontic patients to metal ions released from orthodontic appliances can be assessed by hair mineral analysis. The content of Cr was statistically significantly higher during the treatment than before the beginning of therapy.

Background and purpose: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are among the most frequent pathologies of the stomatognathic system. One problem often associated with TMD is the psychoemotional status. The aim of study was to evaluate the psychoemotional status of young adults with pain symptoms associated with TMD.Material and methods: We analyzed the data of 260 volunteers. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) form was used to diagnose TMD. The relationships between TMD/RDC clinical diagnoses and psychoemotional status, as described by the Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS‐10), were analyzed. We divide the group into four on the basis of RDC/TMD Axis I diagnosis. Group 0 included 30 students lacking TMD symptoms. Group I consisted of 30 people with myofascial pain (group IA in RDC/TMD). Group II contained 23 people with disk displacement with reduction (group IIA in RDC/TMD). Group III contained ten people (Group III diagnosis, often associated with pain).Results: We did not find statistically significant differences between the study groups. In subjects with pain (Groups I and III), we found the mean value on the BDI and PSS‐10 scales to be higher than among the pain‐free subjects (Groups 0 and II).Conclusion: In young adults with TMD accompanied by pain, psychoemotional status should also be evaluated.

Background: Conventional brackets are often used during orthodontic therapy of patients with malocclusion. The complex construction of such brackets greatly inhibits oral hygiene, which predisposes to increased carriage of microbiota. Orthodontic brackets could act as reservoir of yeast and predispose to oral candidosis. The aim of this study was to assessCandidaprevalence and the role of oral hygiene during fixed appliance therapy.A further aim was to characterize the isolated yeasts according to their ability to form biofilms.Methods: Seventeen participants (average age 17 ± 7 years) were monitored by taking oral rinses and elastomeric ligature samples, and by evaluating the approximal plaque index (API) and gingival bleeding index (GBI) before and after placement of the orthodontic conventional brackets for 12 weeks. Isolated yeasts were counted and biofilm formation was evaluated.Results: One hundred and sixteen samples (67 oral rinses and 49 orthodontic elastomers) were collected. Ten patients (58.8% subjects) wereCandida-carriers (two were colonized after bracket placement) andC. albicanswas the most common species. The average number of yeasts in the oral cavity showed some fluctuation during the study, but in general had an upward trend (adj. R2 = 0.7967,p = 0.07025). A correlation was found between median number of yeasts and the periodontal indices (API, GBI). The average API values decreased in theCandida-carriers (adj.R² = 0.95;p = 0.01709), while average GBI values increased in the noncarriers (adj.R² = 0.92;p = 0.0256).Conclusions: Treatment with orthodontic appliances promotesCandidayeast colonization, which is variable over time in terms of strain and species, with dominance ofC. albicans, and without increased biofilm-forming activity. The API value decreases over time in carriers, and the GBI value increases in uncolonized patients, which may have predictive significance for the development of oral candidiasis during orthodontic treatment.

Objectives: Dental agenesis — a congenital lack of teeth — is one of the most frequently diagnosed developmental defects of dentition. Genetics is a crucial factor in the etiology of this disorder. Missing teeth can be caused by mutation in genes including MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, and EDARADD. As is also true for ovarian cancer, over 20% of cases are associated with hereditary factors. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are said to be the most frequent of these. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of the literature on the coexistence of ovarian cancer and tooth agenesis. Material and methods: Publications were searched for in the online databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Wiley Online Library. Current and archival issues of the Journal of Stomatology and Dental and Medical Problems were also searched. The key words used to find relevant publications were: ovarian cancer, hypodontia, and tooth agenesis, in various combinations. Results: Three publications were qualified to this review. Two of these compared the incidence of hypodontia in women with ovarian cancer and in healthy women, and the other was aimed at locating the gene responsible for the coexistence of ovarian cancer and tooth agenesis. As shown by these studies, women with ovarian cancer are (depending on the study) 3.3 or 8.1 times more likely to have hypodontia than healthy women. However, no specific gene was found that might be responsible for the coexistence of ovarian cancer and tooth agenesis. Objectives: Dental agenesis — a congenital lack of teeth — is one of the most frequently diagnosed developmental defects of dentition. Genetics is a crucial factor in the etiology of this disorder. Missing teeth can be caused by mutation in genes including MSX1, PAX9, AXIN2, and EDARADD. As is also true for ovarian cancer, over 20% of cases are associated with hereditary factors. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are said to be the most frequent of these. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of the literature on the coexistence of ovarian cancer and tooth agenesis. Material and methods: Publications were searched for in the online databases PubMed, SCOPUS, and Wiley Online Library. Current and archival issues of the Journal of Stomatology and Dental and Medical Problems were also searched. The key words used to find relevant publications were: ovarian cancer, hypodontia, and tooth agenesis, in various combinations. Results: Three publications were qualified to this review. Two of these compared the incidence of hypodontia in women with ovarian cancer and in healthy women, and the other was aimed at locating the gene responsible for the coexistence of ovarian cancer and tooth agenesis. As shown by these studies, women with ovarian cancer are (depending on the study) 3.3 or 8.1 times more likely to have hypodontia than healthy women. However, no specific gene was found that might be responsible for the coexistence of ovarian cancer and tooth agenesis.

Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a complex phenomenon mediated by cytokines, of which interleukin-1 beta (IL‑1β) is potently involved in the remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone. Whether the pattern of IL‑1β release differs at the sides of tension and compression is not yet clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of IL‑1β and the ratio of IL‑1β to interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL‑1RA) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) at the tension and compression sides during orthodontic canine retraction. Seventeen patients scheduled for orthodontic treatment with bilateral extraction of maxillary first premolars and canine retraction were enrolled. Tooth 2.3 was retracted, teeth 1.3 and 3.3 served as controls. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the tension and compression sides of each tooth at baseline (before the 1st activation - day 0) and at days 2 and 7, and then again before the 2nd activation (day 28) and at days 30 and 35. The levels of IL‑1β and IL‑RA were evaluated with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the 1st activation, a statistically significant increase in the level of IL‑1β was observed at teeth 2.3 (p < 0.03 mesially and p < 0.05 distally) and 1.3 (p < 0.05 mesially and distally), both at the tension and compression sides. The 2nd activation resulted in a gradual increase in the IL‑1β level at both canines; however, statistical significance was reached only for tooth 2.3 (p < 0.05 mesially and p < 0.02 distally). In terms of the IL‑1β/IL‑1RA ratio, a significant increase was observed only at the compression side of the experimental tooth (p < 0.01). An increase in the IL‑1β level in GCF was observed both at the tension and compression sides of the actively retracted canine 2.3 as well as the contralateral canine 1.3; a significant rise in the IL‑1β/IL‑1RA ratio was noted only at the compression side of the experimental tooth 2.3, indicating the zone of active bone resorption.