We report on the process of synthesizing copper nanoparticles (Cu Nps) for a short reactive time by chemical reduction method with a support of CTAB reductive agent. Their properties were determined by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectrum, the X-ray (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images. The antifungal activity of Cu Nps was evaluated by testing againstFusariumsp. The Cu Nps were obtained with the average size in the range of 20–50 nm having spherical shape. The survey shows that when Cu Nps were used at 450 ppm concentration in 9-day incubation, 93.98% of fungal growth was inhibited.

Cellulose derived from biomass is a renewable resource with numerous applications. Using formic/peroxyformic acid at atmospheric pressure, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were isolated from rice husk (RH) in this study. This method was an excellent way to get rid of lignin and hemicelluloses from RH. The cellulose was subsequently acid hydrolyzed by H₂SO₄ (64%) for 30 minutes at 45 °C. The chemical and microstructure analysis showed that the lignin and hemicellulose contents of raw RH had been eliminated, and the crystallinity content of CNC was 67.16%. According to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphological analysis, CNC measured 19 ± 3.3 nm in diameter, 195 ± 24 nm in length, and 10.2 ± 6.8 in aspect ratio. The thermal stability of RH and CNC was also investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These encouraging findings demonstrated the potential for reusing RH agricultural waste to create CNC and include nanocomposites as a reinforcing material.

Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnO₂NPs) were prepared at low temperature by hydrothermal method. Synthesized SnO₂NPs were confirmedviacharacterization techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The synthesized nanoparticles were in the size of 3 nm and they have high photocatalytic activity. The result showed that SnO₂NPs degraded 88.88% MB solution after 30 minutes of UV illumination and reached 90.0% for 120 minutes (2 hours) of UV illumination. Moreover, they degraded 79.26% MB solution after 90 minutes (1.5 hours) under assisted sunlight illumination.