In the current study,Bacillus velezensisAG6 was isolated from sediment samples in the Red Sea, identified by traditional microbiological techniques and phylogenetic 16S rRNA sequences.

Background: Gen Z will comprise a significant portion of the nursing workforce over the next decade and beyond. The workplace expectations of Gen Z nurses may not align with the realities of nursing environments, which can ultimately impact their ability to engage and thrive in their roles. Therefore, it is essential to understand this generation to help healthcare systems better prepare to engage and retain them. This study aims to explore the workplace expectations and preferences of Gen Z nurses born between 1997 and 2005. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed. A survey was developed to identify the core aspects of Gen Z nurses’ workplace expectations. Due to the exploratory nature of the study and the absence of predefined hypotheses, it was essential to assess the factorial validity of the adapted instrument. Therefore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to uncover the latent structure of the 45-item scale, providing data-driven insights into how Gen Z nurses conceptualize workplace expectations. The items were drawn from two validated sources: (1) the Work Value and Attitude Scale and (2) the Healthcare Career Choice Scale. Results: EFA revealed six key factors that influence professional priorities: (1) Supportive, stable, and growth-oriented workplace, (2) Collaborative practice and teamwork, (3) Bureaucratic resistance and tech critique, (4) Age-based disrespect in the workplace, and (5) Logistical convenience and job perks, and (6) Professional identity and career growth. Together, these factors accounted for 62.21% of the total variance, demonstrating excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83 for the entire instrument, while subscale alphas ranged from 0.91to 0.72. The results reflect the multifaceted nature of nurses’ workplace experiences, including environmental support, interprofessional collaboration, career aspirations, resistance to structural barriers, and generational challenges. Conclusions: This research has the potential to significantly inform policymakers on how to improve job satisfaction and professional development for Gen Z nurses. Clinical trial number: Not applicable.

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are considered one of the main dynamic cell types within the immune system. Because Treg cells suppress immune responses, they have potential roles in immunological self-tolerance and may help to maintain immune homeostasis. Promoting Treg cell function and increasing their numbers might be useful in treating autoimmune disorders, as well as preventing allograft rejection. However, studies of mice and humans demonstrate that Treg cells promote cancer progression and suppress antitumor immunity. Therefore, suppressing Treg cell function or reducing their numbers could support the immune system’s response to pathogenic microorganisms and tumors. As a result, there is great interest in investigating the Treg cells role in the treatment of hematological and nonhematological malignancies. Consequently, Treg cells could be a fundamentally important target for pathologies of the immune system. Targeting effector Treg cells could help to distinguish and selectively decrease these cells while preserving other Treg cells needed to suppress autoimmunity. Currently, a promising way to treat malignancies and other autoimmune disorders is stem cell transplantation. Stem cell transplants (SCT) can help to manage the production of Treg cells and also may produce more efficient Treg cells, thereby suppressing clinical disease progression. Specifically, mature T cells within the engrafted stem cells mediate this SCT beneficial effect. During SCT, the recipient’s immune system is replaced with a donor, which allows for improved immune system function. In addition, SCT can protect from disease relapse, as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in transplant patients can be protective against cancer recurrence. The current review will define the role of regulatory T cells in treatment of malignancy. Additionally, it will summarize current promising research regarding the utility of regulatory T cells in stem cell transplantation.

Rajab Alzahrani, Amani A. Alrehaili, Amal F. Gharib, Farah Anjum, Khadiga A. Ismail, Wael H. Elsawy. J Cancer Prev 2020;25:21-6. https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2020.25.1.21

Objectives: The purpose of the current work is to evaluate D-dimer plasma level among both normal and complicated pregnancies such as gestational diabetes (GD) and hypertension (GH) among Saudi females. It is also focused on exhibiting any possible factors that could also play a role in rising D-dimer levels besides the age of the pregnant woman and the period of gestation. Materials and Methods: A semi-quantitative latex agglutination assay was performed in the blood sample of healthy non-pregnant, pregnant and pregnant females with GD and GH. Results: The results exhibited that 92% of pregnancies with GH and 90% of multiple pregnancies had high D-dimer levels. The analysis of the effect of age of pregnant women on D-dimer concentrations presented that 100% of pregnant women with GD, GH or multiple pregnancies aged above 40, had high levels of D-dimer. The results of the relationship between gestational age of pregnancies and D-dimer showed that by reaching the third trimester, about 66.6% of women who had multiple pregnancies had D-dimer concentration above 2000 ng/mL. Interestingly, all the pregnant females with GH had D-dimer concentrations above 2000 ng/mL. Conclusions: This study postulated that the concentrations of D-dimer significantly increase during pregnancy associated with common complications such as GD and GH. It is the first study to demonstrate the possible risk factors during pregnancy, which include age, number of pregnancies, gestational age and pregnancies with GD and GH, especially among Saudi Arabian women.

Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy. In patients with advanced ovarian cancer, some biological parameters have prognostic implementations. P27^kip1 is an inhibitor of a cycline-dependent kinase, its loss, can contribute to tumor progression. This study aimed to examine the importance of P27^KIP1 protein in predicting the prognosis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer and to compare the outcomes of immunohistochemistry with Quantitative Real-time PCR. We have studied P27^KIP1expression by both immunohistochemistry and Quantitative Real-time PCR from 88 patients with advanced ovarian carcinomas undergone radical debulking surgery and received Paclitaxel followed by Cisplatin every 3 weeks for a total of 6 cycles. We also studied their association with both chemotherapy response and patient survival. Nuclear expression of p27^KIP1 protein was intense in 86 normal ovarian tissues and 42 of 88 carcinomas. The P27^kip1mRNA expression level by qRT-PCR was very low in ovarian cancer tissues relative to its adjacent normal tissues. The results were statistically significant by both methods of determination. p27^KIP1 expression was significantly related to good prognostic parameters as low stage tumors, differentiated tumors, absence of ascites, residual disease < 2 cm, and response to chemotherapy but not with histopathological type in case of determination by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of P27^kip1 by both immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR with different prognostic parameters revealed no significant difference between both methods in the assessment of these parameters. In 4 years of follow-up, 20.5% of patients were alive without evidence of disease. 6.8% were alive with disease. The disease-related four -year survival rate for the whole group was 28.2%. In multivariate analysis, residual disease, histological type, tumor differentiation, ascites was of independent prognostic significance. In ovarian cancer, patients with loss of p27KIP1 expression are at a greater likelihood of disease progression, p27^KIP1 may be used as a molecular marker to predict response to chemotherapy and prognosis. Both immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR have equal reliability in the determination of p27 ^KIP1.